Red Bull Target Market Essay Example

Red Bull Target Market Paper Recommendations for Red Bull to Sustain Their Marketing Momentum The marketing strategy of Red Bull can be considered as one of the most successful one over the years. Red Bull has been famous for building a beverage brand without relying on mass-media. The central component in all marketing activities of Red Bull was â€Å"Word- of mouth†. Besides, Red Bull also created â€Å"adult cartoon† advertisement, pushed trial programme, invented an extensive network of events, sponsored leading athletes of extreme sports and branded refrigerated sales units to complete their marketing strategy. However, in order to sustain the marketing success, besides their traditional marketing campaign, we think that Red Bull need to take the following actions: ? Boosting mass-marketing campaign to embed the image of Red Bull an energy drink- in customers’ minds: in the current harsh competition market, where multiple brands of energy drinks are available, it is hard for Red Bull to keep their position as the first choice in customers’ minds when they need an energy drink if customers do not have chance to see the image of Red Bull regularly. Therefore, now it is the time for them to use other tools like billboards, banner ads or posters at the public places to maximize contact with customers. ?Increasing advertising on the internet: as the internet is so popular now and more and more people spend much of their time surfing the internet, Red Bull also needs to popularise their brand through some activities on the internet like creating some extreme games online and advertising on appropriate websites which are quite familiar with students and business people in different countries. Diversifying their products: Red Bull should show their innovation to customers to freshen the image as well as to create entry barriers against other competitors through product diversification. We will write a custom essay sample on Red Bull Target Market specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Red Bull Target Market specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Red Bull Target Market specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer They can introduce new kinds of drink with more vitamin plus or more flavours but they have to make sure that the new kinds are also energy drinks to maintain the relationship between the word â€Å"energy† with Red Bull. Creating Red Bull scholarship: due to the fact that students are considered as an important part in Red Bull’s target market, it is good for Red Bull to build their good image among students through granting three to five scholarships each year on their brand name to the students who get excellent results despite of difficult living conditions. ?Sponsoring charity activities: Red Bull also need to sponsor the charity activities relating to supporting people to overcome serious diseases or athletes to recover after injury. This action together with the above action of granting scholarships not only helps Red Bull gain positive thinking from the public but also create a good link to the brand name â€Å"Red Bull gives you wings†. In sum, to maintain their marketing momentum, Red Bull needs to do all the necessary activities to strengthen the attachment between the word â€Å"energy† and the brand name Red Bull. Then whenever customers think about energy drink they will think about Red Bull.

Wedding Rehearsal Dinner Toast Quotes Page

Wedding Rehearsal Dinner Toast Quotes Page It is the night before the important day. Rehearsal dinners are less formal than the actual wedding dinner. But often, close family members and friends make rehearsal dinner toasts to the bride and groom. With an appropriate choice of words, good rehearsal dinner toasts can set the right mood for the big day. Here are some quotes for rehearsal dinner toasts. Amy TanI am like a falling star who has finally found her place next to another in a lovely constellation, where we will sparkle in the heavens forever. Don ByasYou call it madness, but I call it love. Ralph BlockYoure nothing short of my everything. Robert BrowningGrow old with me! The best is yet to be. Margot AsquithShe tells enough white lies to ice a wedding cake. Roy CroftI love youNot for what you areBut for what I am when I am with you. William Butler YeatsI have spread my dreams under your feetTread softly because you tread on my dreams. The NotebookThe best love is the kind that awakens the soul and makes us reach for more, that plants a fire in our hearts and brings peace to our minds, and thats what youve given me. Thats what I hope to give to you forever. Kahlil GibranMarriage is like a golden ring in a chain, whose beginning is a glance and whose ending is eternity. SophoclesOne word frees us of all the weight and pain of life: that word is love. Cole PorterNight and day you are the one,Only you beneath the moon and under the sun. PlatoAt the touch of love, everyone becomes a poet. PlautusLet us celebrate the occasion with wine and sweet words. Arthur RubinsteinIt took great courage to ask a beautiful young woman to marry me. Believe me, it is easier to play the whole Petrushka on the piano. HomerThere is nothing nobler or more admirable than when two people who see eye to eye keep house as man and wife, confounding their enemies and delighting their friends. Erma BombeckPeople shop for a bathing suit with more care than they do a husband or wife. The rules are the same. Look for something youll feel comfortable wearing. Allow for room to grow. Gwendolyn BrooksWe are each others harvest; we are each others business; we are each others magnitude and bond. Marc ChagallIn our life there is a single color, as on an artists palette, which provides the meaning of life and art. It is the color of love. Langston HughesWhen people care for you and cry for you, they can straighten out your soul. Ogden NashTo keep your marriage brimming, with love in the wedding cup, whenever you’re wrong, admit it; whenever you’re right, shut up. Ronald ReaganThe man who puts into the marriage only half of what he owns will get that out. Ruth Bell GrahamA good marriage is the union of two good forgivers. I Corinthians 13:13There are three things that last: faith, hope, and love, and the greatest of these is love. Maryon PearsonBehind every great man, there is a surprised woman. Walter RauschenbuschWe never live so intensely as when we love strongly. We never realize ourselves so vividly as when we are in full glow of love for others. Lao TzuTo love someone deeply gives you strength. Being loved by someone deeply gives you courage. Antoine de Saint-ExuperyLove does not consist in gazing at each other, but in looking outward together in the same direction. Oscar WildeBigamy is having one wife too many. Monogamy is the same. John Keating, Dead Poets SocietyWe dont read and write poetry because its cute. We read and write poetry because we are members of the human race. And the human race is filled with passion. And medicine, law, business, engineering, these are noble pursuits and necessary to sustain life. But poetry, beauty, romance, love, these are what we stay alive for. Beverly NicholsMarriage a book of which the first chapter is written in poetry and the remaining chapters written in prose. Douglas JerroldIn all of the wedding cake, hope is the sweetest of plums. City of AngelsI would rather have had one breath of her hair, one kiss from her mouth, one touch of her hand, than eternity without it.

Important Events in Life Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Important Events in Life - Essay Example I invited Nancy for a date, which she ceremoniously accepted. Thus, last Sunday we enjoyed much of our time in the Great Park, had frequent refreshments and even she shared her time with me in swimming. She was highly accommodative. During the discourse in a restaurant, I came to know she was in need to pay for her ensuing exam and related papers. In a hilarious moment, I asked her if I could help her. She replied, â€Å"No. thanks. I manage†, Around 4 P.M, I wished to swim in the Glaaang Swimming Pool inside the Park. On entering into the GSP, I asked her, â€Å"How about you, NANCY?† She got into the swimming suit in no time. I found her enjoying this part of the date to her maximum joy. When I left the pool in a few minutes, she expressed her wish to be swimming for some more time. I got out and was drying myself, during when I happened to see a small piece of paper resembling a bank statement protruding from her wallet. Immediately I thought of helping her with surp rise. I took a snap in my mobile phone, the front top portion of that bank statement depicting her nickname, bank name, and account number. I was not interested in the transaction details. So, I simply kept it back in her vanity bag and closed by when she returned and asked, â€Å"What Sam, what do you want in my wallet. â€Å"Nothing, I just kept it aside†, I replied. After swimming, we went to a shopping mall and spent about three hours. At about 9 P.M. we were to depart. Just then I asked her a few minutes more for an ice-cream. Although she said okay, she took a few sips of tea only and offered to pay for this ‘final touch’ in her words. She pronounced ‘final’ in a peculiar slang sounding ‘FINALY’ I was happily returning to my hostel. At around 11.30 in a night, I once again thought of helping her and sat on my PC in my room. I simply sent $500 to the bank account via internet banking. Then I forgot everything and my days went on a normal course. Some three days later, one Police Inspector intervened into my reading in the College Library and showed me a photo. â€Å"Do you know this gal, Sam?† In that photo, I saw a girl in full inebriated state. I curtly replied â€Å"No†. â€Å"Had you been dating her last Sunday?† he asked in a highly authoritative tone. â€Å"I had been dating last Sunday, but not with this girl† I replied decisively. â€Å"Sure?† â€Å"Yes, my dated girl was not this. Why sir? What happened?† â€Å"This girl is no more now† I spelled a formal sorrow by saying, â€Å"I see, I am sorry† During this response of me the Inspector almost went into my eyes. â€Å"Ok. Sam, Do you have a laptop?† â€Å"No, I have a PC in my room† â€Å"Well. I get to you back if needed† The Inspector went. The same evening the Inspector turned up to my room in a casual manner and enquired about my study details. â€Å"Oh, this is your P C? Can I send a personal email dear?† I got up leaving the table to him. In a few minutes, the Inspector bid goodbye and went out. Next morning the local newspaper read: One Bobby was suspected to have been murdered by someone in Crown Bar in her over intoxication. The internet transfer of $500 into her account led to a guy of College. He does not fall within the suspicion zone since the log in time of the Internet banking from the PC is exactly the same of her death moment. However, the connection between his lover and Bobby is being probed.

Photovoltaic cells Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Photovoltaic cells - Research Paper Example PV cells energy conversion efficiency has now crossed mark of 20 percent. Several companies, universities and research institutions are doing intense research and development work to reduce the cost further so that its economics fare favorably to other competing energy systems. There has been considerable headway in the research and it is quite likely that it will become one of the most prominent technologies among all renewable sources of energy in next 10 years. Being eco friendly, it has the capacity to meet the current and future energy needs of mankind. Introduction Photovoltaic Cell is a technique to generate direct current through solar radiation using semiconductors. The PV cell technology is useful to produce electricity particularly, at the location where grid system is not available. This paper will study the technology, types of photovoltaic cells, current status, its economics, engineering issues, technological advances, future scope and the direction that the industry m ake take. Off-the-Grid Systems Off-the-grid system is useful when electricity demand cannot be met through grid due to its isolated locations. The benefit of the off-the-grid system is that it is self reliant, not dependent on any outside source, using some renewable source of energy such as solar. ... Solar radiation falls on PV cell to energize the electron producing DC current. Inverter converts DC current to AC. Energy is stored in array of batteries. The efficiency of photovoltaic cells is a key parameter to convert solar energy into usable energy. Van Geet home is a typical off-grid system for generating energy based on solar power. It is a remote location near Denver in Colorado. Several renewable-energy features along with energy-conservation measures have been incorporated in this home. The design of this home is studied as an ideal research home. It has photovoltaic based solar power system. The house is said to have achieved 89% energy savings. The system uses 1000-watt amorphous silicon PV with a tracking controller. It surpasses the norms of 70% HVAC and energy savings for Building America research homes. It has been now recognized as a model home and taken for further study and research as energy saving designs in US. (Barley et al 2004) Below mentioned diagram shows a typical off-grid energy system. Source: http://homepower.com/basics/solar/#MainDCDisconnect Mobile homes also use similar PV based energy system to meet their energy needs. Major components in such systems are PV Cells, Charge controller, Battery Bank, and inverter. PV Cells Working of Photovoltaics Solar energy is converted to electricity through photovoltaics. The technology exploits the photoelectric property of certain material that absorbs photons of light to release the electrons. These free electrons cause electric current to flow that can be used for our needs (Knier 2002). PV Cell is a chief component and the heart of such energy systems. More than 50 percent of the cost of the energy system is attributed to PV module. For this reason, the

Reporting on a Religious Service Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Reporting on a Religious Service - Essay Example The outside pictures were a distinct depiction of a religious place that was encompassed in its architecture. The temple was fenced all round by metallic rails that demarcated the place from its neighborhoods. The temple had a dome that was indicative of the Shikar-bandhi type of the Jain temples. The temple was beautifully carved with pillars all over the entrance, and the inside of the temple was enclosed. The colors that were used on the outside included white with blue-print of the Jain signs and symbols. From the front, there was only one entrance to access the building with a dome on top of the entrance. The inside was also decorated with a combination of architecture, paintings, and colors that were similar to those that were outside. On my entry into the building, I took off my shoes because every other believer was taking off their shoes, and it was a sign of etiquette. The inside had two staircases. The downstairs was composed of many rooms that were meant for education and other programs in the temple. The upstairs was the main temple of the believers. The upstairs was an empty hall that had no furniture. However, the floor was covered with a mat. Inside this temple, there were idols that were decorated differently. The middle idol was the most decorated while the three on each of the sides were less decorated. The believers were seated on these mats with their legs folded and their hands laying on their laps. Most people in this service were middle class and the high class. Their ethnic group was mainly Indian, and their gender was composed of both males and females. Their age s were varied from approximately 3years to 70 years old. I went upstairs to the service because that was the location of the temple. On this Sunday, the people had attended the service for prayer. On the way they pray, before we entered the temple, the people should put something yellow on their forehead and wipe their heads a little of

Recognition Properties for Pyrrole

Recognition Properties for Pyrrole Preparation of molecularly imprinted polymer and its recognition properties for pyrrole X.W. Wu, J. Wang, H.X. Wang  [1], Q.M. Zhou, L.H. Liu. wang, Y.P. Wu, H.W. Yang, G.L. Zhao, S.X. Tuo Abstract: The molecularly-imprinted polymer (MIP) of pyrrole was synthesized by a precipitation polymerization method using acrylamide (AM) as functional monomer and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as cross-linker agent in acetonitrile. MIP of pyrrole was characterized by FT-IR and UV. The surface morphology and specific surface area of the MIP was characterized by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and nitrogen adsorption (BET). The adsorption behavior of the MIP was investigated in detail, which showed high selectivity for pyrrole, the results indicated that the maximum binding capacities of pyrrole on the MIP and the non-imprinted polymer (NIP) were 404 and 265 ÃŽ ¼molΆ¡g−1, respectively. Application of MIP with a high selectivity to pyrrole provides a novel method for separating and purifying the trace nitrogenous heterocyclic compounds from tobacco. Keyword: molecularly imprinted polymer, pyrrole, tobacco, nitrogenous heterocyclic compounds 1 INTRODUCTION The Pyrrole and other nitrogenous heterocyclic compounds in tobacco leaves come mainly from the reaction products formed by the reaction of sugar and amino acid[1-3], which play an important role in sensory quality of tobacco and tobacco products. They are the important parameters to evaluate the sensory quality of tobacco products and have great effects on the sensory characteristics of tobacco products and on the health of smokers[4]. Therefore, the studies and analysis of nitrogenous heterocyclic compounds are conducive to improve the quality of perfuming and tobacco products. Molecular Imprinting, as an interdiscipline derived from polymer chemistry, material science, and biological chemistry, is the method of preparing the polymer with particular selection to given template molecules[5-8]. So far, dozens of countries, (i.e., America, Japan, Germany, Australia, France and China) hundreds of academic institutions and enterprises have been working on the research and development of the molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP).Thanks to MIP is simple in preparation and can be easily preserved, with specific selectivity, high temperature, high pressure and acid corrosion, it has been widely used in the solid phase extraction[9], chromatography analysis [10], membrane separation [11], biomimetic sensor[12], ect. The separation of bioactive ingredients in natural products is difficult because of their low contents, complex structures and diversity[13-15]. Compared with traditional methods (high performance liquid chromatography, silica gel column chromatography, etc.), molecular imprinting method has the advantages of high molecular recognition, simple operation, low solvent consumption and recyclable[16]. Thus, the molecularly imprinting technique has attracted considerable attention for extraction of compounds from complex mixtures of chemical species[17-18]. However, to the best of our knowledge, no molecularly imprinted polymer has been reported for the separation and determination of pyrrole in tobacco so far. In this study, pyrrole imprinted polymer was synthesized by employing acrylamide (AM) as functional monomer and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as crosslinking. After the characteristics and analysis of the MIP and NIP, the adsorption behavior including kinetics and isotherms are discussed in detail. It was found that the MIP can specifically adsorb and identify pyrrole molecules, which meant the MIP can be applied to separation and enrichment of trace pyrrole in tobacco. The aim of this paper is to provide theoretical basis and technical supports for further study of the effects of nitrogen heterocyclic compound on tobacco quality. 2 EXPERIMENTAL 2.1 Reagents Pyrrole, pyridine and methanol were obtained from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Acrylamide, methacrylic acid, acetonitrile and azodiisobutyronitrile were purchased from Tianjin Kermel Chemical Reagent Company (Tianjin, China). Ethylene glycol dimethacrylate was obtained from Aladdin reagent co., LTD (Guangdong, China). All the solvents were of analytical reagent grade and used without further purification. 2.2 Synthesis of MIP and NIP The pyrrole imprinted polymer was prepared by precipitation polymerization in the following procedures. 0.1 mmol of pyrrole and 0.4 mmol of AM were dissolved in 20 ml of acetonitrile in a 40 mL glass vessel. The mixture was sonicated at room temperature for 30 minutes for pre-polymerization, and then was incubated at 4à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã†â€™Ã‚ °C for 12 h. Subsequently, 2 mmol of cross-linker (EGDMA) and 10 mg of initiator (AIBN) were added stepwise. The glass vessel was degassed in a sonicating bath for 10 min, and filled with nitrogen for 30 min, and then sealed for polymerization at 60  °C for 24 h in a thermostat water bath. After polymerization, the resultants were extracted with a mixed solvent of methanol/acetic acid (9:1, v/v) for 48 h in a Soxhlet extractor to remove the template from its polymeric matrix, followed by ethanol for another 48 h to remove the acetic acid. The obtained MIP was dried in an oven at 60  °C overnight. As a control, the NIP was prepared and treated unde r identical conditions except for the omission of the template. 2.3 Morphological characterization The FT-IR spectra were recorded to characterize the MIP and NIP on an AVATAR 360 ESP FT-IR spectrometer (Nicolet, America). SEM images were obtained with afield-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM, JSM-6700F, JEOL, Japan). The nitrogen adsorption/desorption data of MIP and NIP was determined using an ASAP2020Micromeriticsapparatus (Micromeritics Instruments, USA). 2.4 Binding experiments The binding experiments were carried out at 30  °C and 150 rpm on an orbital shaker with 100 mg of the MIP and NIP in a 100 mL flask containing pyrrole in 20 ml of acetonitrile. Batch experiments were performed to examine the adsorption kinetics and equilibrium. In the kinetic adsorption experiments, 2.5 mmolΆ¡L-1 pyrrole in acetonitrile was used. The adsorption isotherm experiments were conducted with the initial pyrrole concentration ranging from 0.2 to 5.0 mmolΆ¡L-1 for 2 h. After the adsorption, the concentration of the substrates in the supernatant solutions was determined via an UV-2450 Ultraviolet Spectrophotometer (Shimadzu, Japan). The binding capacity of pyrrole and the analogs was calculated from the equation: (1) Where: Q stands for the binding capacity (ÃŽ ¼molΆ¡g−1), C0 and C are the initial and the residual concentrations (mmolΆ¡L-1) of pyrrole, respectively, V is the solution volume (mL), and m is the amount (mg) of the MIP or NIP used for the adsorption experiments. 3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 3.1 Interaction between pyrrole and the functional monomers In order to investigate the feasibility of imprinted pyrrole, two different functional monomers MAA and AM were investigated for the formation of complex with the template. The maximum absorption wavelength of pyrrole was measured by the UV-2450 Ultraviolet Spectrophotometer. As shown in Fig.1, compared with MAA, AM demonstrated much stronger interaction with pyrrole for the non-existent absorbance of pyrrole. It is possible that the complex of pyrrole with AM was formed via hydrogen bonding between N–H of pyrrole and –CONH2 of AM due to the pre-polymerization. Fig.1 Interaction between pyrrole and functional monomers 3.2 The molar ratio of pyrrole to the monomer In order to elucidate the recognition mechanism on a molecular level, spectrophotometric analysis was employed in the pyrrole imprinting process. A series solution were prepared in acetonitrile, in which the molar ratio of pyrrole and AM varied at 1:0, 1:2, 1:4 and 1:6, respectively. After equilibrium for 12 h, absorption spectrums of the mixture were measured via an UV-2450 Ultraviolet Spectrophotometer. As shown in Fig.2, the absorbance decreased with the increasing concentration of AM, When the molar ratio of pyrrole and AM up to 1:4, the absorption peak of pyrrole disappeared, which indicated that the pyrrole had reacted with AM completely. While molar ratio of pyrrole and AM exceeded 1:4, the excess of AM could self-associate, and formed non-specific binding site, which makes the adsorption mass transfer resistance increase and is not conducive to the preparation of molecularly imprinted polymer. Therefore, the optimal molar ratio of pyrrole and AM is 1:4. Fig.2 Absorption spectra of pyrrole with different proportion of AM in acetonitrile 3.3 Characteristics of MIP and NIP 3.3.1 Characterisation of MIP and NIP by FT-IR spectra Pyrrole, AM, EGDMA, MIP (before and after eluting templates) and NIP were compared to affirm the successful preparation of MIP by FT-IR spectra. The FT-IR spectra of the MIP before and after removal of template pyrrole are presented in Fig.3a and Fig.3b, respectively. The –NH stretching vibration band of monomer AM (Fig.3e) appeared at 3580 cm-1 in the spectra of MIP before pyrrole removal (Fig.3a), which indicated that the template pyrrole formed hydrogen bonding interaction with monomer AM, this band is shifted to a higher wavenumber (at 3585 cm-1) after removal of pyrrole in MIP (Fig.3b). A conspicuous band at 1648 cm-1 in the spectra of MIP before removal of template pyrrole is ascribed to -C=C- aromatic ring stretching vibration of pyrrole (Fig.3d). This band disappeared after removal of pyrrole in MIP (Fig.3a) and was not observed in spectra of NIP (Fig.3c) due to absence of pyrrole. The peak at 3597cm-1 inFig.3c corresponds to the –NH stretching of monomer AM in the FT-IR spectra of NIP. The absorption peaks of MIP and NIP were similar, which means that both MIP after eluting templates and NIP have the same chemical components. Fig.3 IR spectra of (a) MIP before eluting template, (b) MIP after eluting template , (c) NIP, (d) pyrrole, (e) AM 3.3.2 Morphology of MIP and NIP The morphology of MIP and NIP was shown in Fig.4. As shown in Fig.4 (a), the prepared polymer is microsphere and the particle is uniform, which indicated the spherical particle can be synthesized at the best experiment condition. The MIP microsphere has a narrow and small particle size, and the average diameter is 2ÃŽ ¼m. As for NIP, the microsphere with a narrow but big particle size, and the average diameter is 3ÃŽ ¼m. Much imino exist in the template molecule, which may suppress the polymerization, results in the bigger particle size of NIP compared with MIP. Besides, the whole reaction system polarity increased with the added template molecule, the solubility of MIP decreased, so that MIP precipitated from the whole reaction system early, which can also generate the bigger particle size of NIP. Fig.4 SEM micrographs of (a) MIP, (b) NIP. 3.3.3 Characterization of specific surface area Table 1 lists the results of nitrogen adsorption experiments for MIP and NIP particles. It can be seen that the specific surface area and the average pore diameter were different for MIP and NIP particles. Table1 Structure parameters of MIP and NIP a Measured by Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method. b Measured by Barrett–Joyner–Halenda (BJH) method. 3.4 Binding performance of MIP and NIP 3.4.1 Absorption isotherms and kinetic of pyrrole on the MIP and NIP The absorption isotherm curves of pyrrole on the MIP and NIP were plotted in Fig.5. The absorption capacity was increased gradually with increasing initial concentration of pyrrole in the range of 0.2-5.0 mmol ·L−1. In the higher concentration range, the binding capacity was close to be stable. The binding data can be analyzed by Langmuir equation: (2) Where Q stands for the binding capacity (ÃŽ ¼molΆ¡g−1), Qmax is the maximum binding capacity (ÃŽ ¼molΆ¡g−1), Ceq is equilibrium concentration of pyrrole (mmol ·L−1), and B is a constant. In order to calculate the maximum binding capacity of pyrrole on both MIP and NIP, this equation was changed into Eq. (3): (3) Eq. (3) shows a linear relationship between Ceq/Q and Ceq. From the slope of the linear plot, the maximum binding capacities of pyrrole on the MIP and NIP were calculated to be 404 and 265 ÃŽ ¼molΆ¡g−1, respectively, which means that the maximum binding capacity of pyrrole on MIP was 1.52 times of that on NIP. In addition, under the same experimental conditions, the adsorption capacity of the MIP at each concentration was higher than that of the NIP. It was indicated that MIP offered a higher affinity for the template molecule than NIP. Fig.5 Adsorption isotherms of pyrrole on MIP and NIP 3.4.2 Binding kinetic curve of pyrrole pyrrole on the MIP As shown in Fig.6, the adsorption kinetic curves of pyrrole on MIP and MIP were shown at the pyrrole concentration of 2.5 mmol ·L−1 in acetonitrile. It can be seen that the binding capacity of MIP increased rapidly in the period of 0-60 min, and then the increments were reduced on the stage of 60-80 min, and the saturated binding was observed after 80 min. Fig.6 Adsorption kinetic curves of pyrrole on MIP and NIP 3.4.3 Selective adsorption In the selective adsorption test, the target molecule pyrrole and the competitive one pyridine possess similar structure and co-exist in tobacco extract as nitrogenous heterocyclic compounds. As we can see in Table 2, it is obvious that the absorption capacity of pyrrole and pyridine of MIP was much higher than that of the NIP. The selectivity of MIP was 2.17 times higher than that of NIP, which suggested that the imprinting process significantly improved adsorption selectivity to the template. Table 2 Binding capacity of different substrates on MIP and NIP 4 CONCLUSIONS In this paper, the pyrrole molecularly imprinted polymer was synthesized via the facile precipitation-polymerization method. The prepared polymer is microsphere and the diameter is about 2 ÃŽ ¼m. The binding property experiments indicated the imprinted polymer can adsorb the pyrrole molecule selectively. Moreover, the adsorb effect of MIP is stronger than NIP. The selective adsorption experiments demonstrated the synthesized MIP microsphere has the obvious selective adsorption effect with pyrrole molecule when compared the similar structure pyridine. This work provided theoretical basis for the new direction of separation and purification in the field of tobacco with pyrrole and other heterocyclic compounds. 5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This work was supported by China Tobacco Hunan Industrial Co., Ltd, Technology research and development center project (2011-JC-0001) REFERENCES Kulshreshtha, N. P., Moldoveanu, S. C. (2003). Analysis of pyridines in mainstream cigarette smoke. Journal of Chromatography A, 985(1), 303-312. Leffingwell, J. C., Alford, E. D. (2005). Volatile constituents of perique tobacco. Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 4(2), 899-915. Duan, J., Huang, Y., Li, Z., Zheng, B., Li, Q., Xiong, Y., Min, S. (2012). Determination of 27 chemical constituents in Chinese southwest tobacco by FT-NIR spectroscopy. Industrial Crops and Products, 40, 21-26. YU, J. J., PANG, T. H., REN, X. H., LI, L., DAI, H. J., LI, A. J. (2006). Research on Relationship between Neutral Aroma Constituents and Smoking Quality in Flue-Cured Tobacco [J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural University, 4, 001. Mosbach, K. (1994). Molecular imprinting. Trends in biochemical sciences, 19(1), 9-14. Andersson, L. I. (2000). Molecular imprinting: developments and applications in the analytical chemistry field. Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and Applications, 745(1), 3-13. Bures, P., Huang, Y., Oral, E., Peppas, N. A. (2001). Surface modifications and molecular imprinting of polymers in medical and pharmaceutical applications. Journal of Controlled Release, 72(1), 25-33. Piletsky, S. A., Alcock, S., Turner, A. P. (2001). Molecular imprinting: at the edge of the third millennium. TRENDS in Biotechnology, 19(1), 9-12. Zhang, W., Chen, Z. (2013). Preparation of micropipette tip-based molecularly imprinted monolith for selective micro-solid phase extraction of berberine in plasma and urine samples. Talanta, 103, 103–109. Ebrahimzadeh, H., Dehghani, Z., Asgharinezhad, A. A., Shekari, N., Molaei, K. (2013). Determination of haloperidol in biological samples using molecular imprinted polymer nanoparticles followed by HPLC-DAD detection. International journal of pharmaceutics, 453(2), 601-609. Ulbricht, M. (2004). Membrane separations using molecularly imprinted polymers. Journal of chromatography B, 804(1), 113-125. Sergeyeva, T. A., Slinchenko, O. A., Gorbach, L. A., Matyushov, V. F., Brovko, O. O., Piletsky, S. A., Elska, G. V. (2010). Catalytic molecularly imprinted polymer membranes: Development of the biomimetic sensor for phenols detection. Analytica chimica acta, 659(1), 274-279. Colegate, S. M., Molyneux, R. J. (Eds.). (2007). Bioactive natural products: detection, isolation, and structural determination. CRC press. Mishra, B. B., Tiwari, V. K. (2011). Natural products: an evolving role in future drug discovery. European journal of medicinal chemistry, 46(10), 4769-4807. REN, Q., XING, H., BAO, Z., SU, B., YANG, Q., YANG, Y., ZHANG, Z. (2013). Recent Advances in Separation of Bioactive Natural Products. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 21(9), 937-952. Cheong, W. J., Yang, S. H., Ali, F. (2013). Molecular imprinted polymers for separation science: A review of reviews. Journal of separation science, 36(3), 609-628. Hu, Y., Pan, J., Zhang, K., Lian, H., Li, G. (2013). Novel applications of molecularly-imprinted polymers in sample preparation. TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 43, 37-52. Andersson, L. I. (2000). Molecular imprinting for drug bioanalysis: a review on the application of imprinted polymers to solid-phase extraction and binding assay. Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and Applications, 739(1), 163-173. 1 [1]E-mail:[emailprotected]; [emailprotected]; [emailprotected]

Impact of Fiscal Policy on the Pharmaceuticals Industry Essay --

Fiscal policy, Gross Domestic Product, Economics and Classical view of Economics and their overall impact on the likes of a company like Wyeth, a Pharmaceutical Company, and building upon such a correlation is what this article is all about. Fiscal Policy is the other half of the two-legged approach of the government to maintain stability within an economy while trying to maintain the sanctity of things and trying to achieve the targets outlined. The other part is the monetary policy. Fiscal policy is all about the earnings and expenditures of the government. The sources of revenue are the various forms of taxes whereas the expenses are the ones regarding the public utilities, defense etc. Gross Domestic Product is the total worth of all the goods and services produced within any given economy and the idea is to produce as much as possible. It beneficially impacted by the positive net exports and that has a good effect on the Exchequer of the country. GDP is in so many ways a true measure of the overall living standard of the economy. Mind you the GDP does not include the remittanc...

Shakespeare’s play Essay

Explore the dramatic techniques used by Henry V to inspire his men before the battle of Agincourt. William Shakespeare’s play â€Å"Henry V† is set in 1415, when Henry becomes King Henry V of England. As a young man Henry enjoyed drinking and the company of women. When he became King Henry changed, he wanted to be taken seriously and to be treated like an adult, so he gave up drinking. Henry was angry and insulted by a birthday present of a box of tennis balls from the King of France, Henry thought the King of France was suggesting that he was still a boy and not a man capable of ruling England. To prove he was a man Henry ordered the invasion of France. Henry’s first battle was the Siege of Horfieur Henry V where he inspired his troops with a speech before leading them into battle. Henry said they had to behave like tigers and show no fear only strength. The next battle was the Battle of Agincourt, Henry’s troops were exhausted after their last battle and were out numbered five to one. But Henry tries to inspire them again for the last time he starts off talking dramatically about death, â€Å"if we are marked to die, we are enough to do our country loss. † I think he is saying that if the English are meant to lose the battle then it is better that they die, than thousands more if they wait for help. Then he goes on to say, â€Å"if to live, the fewer men, the greater the share of honour† if they fight there is a chance that only a few will survive and these few men will have gained honour. After this he stops talking about death and attempts to be more positive and tries to get his troops off the subject of death and to think about the honour that will achieve. Henry attempts to make them closer and tries to unite them as a family, by saying, â€Å"I who doth feed upon my cost† and â€Å"It yearns me not if mean my garments wear† which means that he does not mind paying for them all to eat and he also is not bothered if they wear his clothes. Henry also made it clear that any one who did not want to fight that was free to leave, when he said, â€Å"That he which hath no stomach to this fight let him depart. His passport shall be made and crowns for the convoy put into his purse†. I think that by saying this Henry means that any one of his troops is free to go, he will even give them money to get home, but if any choose this option then they would be giving up their chance for honour. And people would remember them as men who were not manly enough to go into battle. Henry continues his speech by reminding his troops that, â€Å"This day is called the Feast of Crispian†, this is a Saint’s day that the English would have celebrated with a feast. Henry says that â€Å"He that outlives this day and comes safe home. Will stand a-tiptoe when this day is named, And rouse him at the name of Crispian† he is telling his troops that when the celebrate the Feast of Crispian they will always remember the battle and remind themselves by showing their old scars to neighbours and friends because men that were not in the battle would not remember it but those that took part would always remember it, â€Å"Then will he strip his sleeve and show his cars, And say â€Å"These wounds I had on Crispin’s day†. Old men forget, yet all shall be forgot. But he’ll remember, with advantages†. Henry mentions some of his troops by name â€Å"Harry the king, Bedford and Exeter, Warwick and Talbot, Salisbury and Gloucester†, then offers a toast to them, â€Å"Be in their flowing cups freshly remembered†. By using their names I feel Henry makes it seem like the speech is directed to the troops individually and personally this makes them feel special and inspired them to fight harder for Henry. Again Henry uses this technique to make his troops feel that they are part of his family that he is one of them by saying, â€Å"But we in it shall be remembered. We few, we happy few, we band of brothers†. Henry goes on to say, â€Å"For he today that shed his blood with me. Shall be my brother; be he ne’er so vile†, by saying this Henry was ensuring that any of his troops who were injured in the battle would be inspired to keep fighting because Henry would regard them as his brother. Henry ends his speech by saying, â€Å"And gentlemen in England, now abed, shall think themselves accursed they were not here, And hold their manhoods cheap whiles any speaks†, by say this he is inspiring his troops that they are more manly and should feel honoured to be fighting today as any man in England that had missed the battle and stayed at home would feel ashamed when they heard of the great victory and therefore feel less manly. The battle of Agincourt was a great victory for the Henry’s tired English troops, they overcame great odds to win. I feel that Henry used this dramatic speech in the play to motivate and inspire the English troops on to victory against the French by lifting their spirits, promising them great honour, also by making them feel part of his family, almost like brothers fighting side by side and by promising them a battle they would never forget.

Life Changing Moment Essay

Each and everyone of us has a story to tell and share to others, life stories that may serve as an inspiration to other people. Every individual may have a life experience or a moment in his or her life that somehow greatly affects his or her whole life. We often share our own triumphs and travails, our victories and defeats, our happiness and despair that bring alterations to the present life situations. My story began as an ordinary boy in the state of Ferndale, Michigan. I am the youngest of five siblings, a son of Sazelia and Marvin Johnson. My mother was a university woman who tries to acquire a bachelor’s degree in Business at the University of Michigan. My father was a Mechanical Engineer who is deeply fascinated with cars. My parents are intellectual and social creatures who passed down the essential values of hard work, education and religion to their children. They make sure that we are not deprived of the essential things that we need in our education. They also impart important attitudes and ethical standards needed in conforming well to our social environment. My siblings and I grew up in happy and complete family that upholds education as the main key to success. However, I was different from my siblings for they all went to college, specifically to University of Michigan, after graduating in high school. All of them went to the university, except for our oldest brother, the gifted one on all of us, who went straight to Naval Academy. The life changing moment in my life, happen when I decided that I want to join the military. I really want to be a part of the military reserves so I join the U. S. Navy, wherein I scored high on the entrance examination and I was offered to undergo the U. S. Navy Nuclear Engineering Program. The crucial eight months followed after I joined the program. I learned as much as I can about Chemistry, Math, Electronics, Physics, Reactor Science and other related field in nuclear engineering. I can compare this experience with the experience told in Stephen Crane’s, An Episode of War. Just like the lieutenant who is wounded in war, my own training in the program and in the camp gave me confidence and dignity. It revealed the essence of my existence and all of my mundane desires. It explicates the purpose of my being and my involvement and role in preserving the sovereignty of my own country (Crane 8). Luckily, I was not involved in any war conflicts or that will make my story more exciting. However, I was in preparation aspect of our defense system. However, I sympathize to those who are sent to foreign places to battle with brothers that were considered foes and rogues by the government. I know how hard it can be. Many of us hope that it finally ends. Just like on the poem of Czeslaw Milosz, hoping that the traumas, war and other forms of conflict and misunderstanding will finally meet its conclusion. Our history is characterized and embedded with tragic events and disputes that took many lives (Milosz 256). Read more:Â  Happiest Moments Essay Leo Tolstoy’s War and Peace, vividly depicted the events in a war. How fertile lands became battlegrounds of two powerful forces. How innocent lives are drastically involved in the conflict. How children were separated to their parents and how the once happy and fruitful nation transformed into a futile land. After completing the learning prescribed by the program, I was assigned to a nuclear submarine, USS Kentucky SSBN 737. The submarine is an enormous structure that is similar to an underwater city. My training acquired from the program seems like an incomplete preparation to the task that I was assigned to. I was a nuclear plant operator that had a tremendous amount of responsibility. I have to make sure that the nuclear reactor was always safe and in good condition and running smoothly. My task is very crucial for it affects the safety of my comrades. Through the years that I have worked for the U. S. Navy, I got US$50,000 or so worth of proper science training and education in nuclear science and technology. It is more than anyone can ask for. It is such a blessing to anyone to be able to study free. Also, I have acquired credentials to work in most nuclear power plants in the nation. It is one of the prestigious works in the country to be able to work in a high-end facility like a nuclear power plant, wherein knowledgeable individuals are only capable of handling the specific task of maintaining the safety of the nuclear reactor. The education, training and working experience is a something big for me, an ordinary boy who only dream of being a G. I. Joe, inspired by my toy soldiers and toy guns. My experiences during my service to the military were really fruitful and fulfilling. I enjoyed most of my time under the submarine doing my task. It greatly alters and influences my present personality. I have traveled in many places and met many people all over the United States that contribute on my life’s journey. I significantly learned how to start and finish something. My service in the Navy ends, but I am more than ready to start a new journey in this life of mine. I try to acquire a bachelor’s degree in Architecture, one of the things that I wanted to accomplish. From Southwestern College, I transferred to USC this fall to complete my degree. The chapter of my life in the Navy, I will be able to look back and be proud to say that I was part of something special and noble.

Free Essays on Rock Music Over 20th Century

Rock is a topic not often touched on because of its complexity and its evasion by conservative adults. Often viewed by them as â€Å"a bunch of noise†, Rock music is very complex. In fact â€Å"It's stylistic scope is too broad to be encompassed by any single definition† (Groliers Encyclopaedia). The nearest definition suggests a kind of music that represents and speaks for the teenage society. This music is characterised by using a heavy beat. In this musicology, I intend to describe the technical aspects that make Rock Music what it is. I'm also going to divide Rock music into four sections: Rock of the 50's, of the 60's, of the 70's and of the 80's. Within these sections I'm going to discuss several sub-topics such as famous composers and groups, and characteristics of the music. Rock music shares many technical aspects. Most rock music is based on the same harmonies as Western music, especially the tonic, subdominant, and dominant chords. The series of chords known as the 12-bar blues is based on these three chords and has figured prominently in certain styles, especially Rock & Roll, Soul Music, and Southern Rock. Other common harmonic devices include the use of a drone, and the parallel movement of chords, originating from a technique on the electric guitar known as bar-chording. Many elements of African American music have been a continuing source of influence on rock music. These characteristics include riffs, emphasising the second and fourth beats of each measure, and dense buzzy-sounding tone colours. The 1950’s marked the birth of Rock n’ roll. Alan Freed was the first disc jockey and concert producer of rock and roll. Freed was the man responsible for with coming up with the name of Rock & Roll in 1951. This opened the door to white acceptance of black music, replacing white cover versions of songs written by Blacks in favour of the R&B originals. It was ironic that the term Freed was using to make rhythm and bl... Free Essays on Rock Music Over 20th Century Free Essays on Rock Music Over 20th Century Rock is a topic not often touched on because of its complexity and its evasion by conservative adults. Often viewed by them as â€Å"a bunch of noise†, Rock music is very complex. In fact â€Å"It's stylistic scope is too broad to be encompassed by any single definition† (Groliers Encyclopaedia). The nearest definition suggests a kind of music that represents and speaks for the teenage society. This music is characterised by using a heavy beat. In this musicology, I intend to describe the technical aspects that make Rock Music what it is. I'm also going to divide Rock music into four sections: Rock of the 50's, of the 60's, of the 70's and of the 80's. Within these sections I'm going to discuss several sub-topics such as famous composers and groups, and characteristics of the music. Rock music shares many technical aspects. Most rock music is based on the same harmonies as Western music, especially the tonic, subdominant, and dominant chords. The series of chords known as the 12-bar blues is based on these three chords and has figured prominently in certain styles, especially Rock & Roll, Soul Music, and Southern Rock. Other common harmonic devices include the use of a drone, and the parallel movement of chords, originating from a technique on the electric guitar known as bar-chording. Many elements of African American music have been a continuing source of influence on rock music. These characteristics include riffs, emphasising the second and fourth beats of each measure, and dense buzzy-sounding tone colours. The 1950’s marked the birth of Rock n’ roll. Alan Freed was the first disc jockey and concert producer of rock and roll. Freed was the man responsible for with coming up with the name of Rock & Roll in 1951. This opened the door to white acceptance of black music, replacing white cover versions of songs written by Blacks in favour of the R&B originals. It was ironic that the term Freed was using to make rhythm and bl...

Republic Polytechnic Case Study Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Republic Polytechnic Case Study - Assignment Example Implementation of an ERP in any organization involves a life cycle from the decision to adopt it to successful roll out, with discernible implementation phases as characterized by the key stakeholders, typical activities, associated challenges and outcomes. Four broad phases can be discerned based on this framework. They are planning, configuration, testing and actual implementation (Kumar, Maheshwari and Kumar 2003, pp. 795). Other authors present the phases as involving planning, implementation, stabilization and improvement (Markus and Tanis 2000, pp.173-207: Shanks et al. 2000, pp. 2). In the case of Republic Polytechnic’s ERP, the latter framework is seen in action thus forming this paper’s line of discussion.The first stage that was undertaken in RP’s implementation of the ERP is planning. RP needed an Enterprise System that was able to support two considerations. These include their problem-based learning pedagogy and their commitment to an IT strategy tha t would render the campus paperless for faster, efficient and cost-effective processes. RP set out on an outsourcing path for the vendor of an enterprise-wide e-learning management system that would provide a package which could suit RP’s mission and strategic direction. All relevant stakeholders were involved in finding such a vendor, flexible enough to allow for the heavy customization that was necessary for RP’s strategy, to be rolled out dubbed LEO (Learning Environment Online). This step involved two representatives from RP.... o allow for the heavy customization that was necessary for RP’s strategy, finally leading to settling on Wizlearn Pte Limited and their Academic Version 7 package. Post-purchase tailoring was the next step aimed at customizing the vendor’s product to RP’s needs in the system to be rolled out dubbed LEO (Learning Environment Online). This step involved two representatives from RP. These are OAA (Officer of Academic Affairs) and OIS (Officer of Information Systems) and an external IS team from the vendor all of whom liaised together and held discussions that finally resulted in a heavily customized product plan ready to be rolled out. The next phase after the planning part was actual implementation of the settled upon system, done a few weeks before the opening of the school term. The system that was rolled out provided an optimum system for RP and her staff although it was not exactly like they had envisioned as it had not accommodated all their views. Stabilizati on was the next phase for the system. Although the roll out had determined that there would be no need for training of RP staff, it was still necessary to provide basic training on the core features of the LEO. In a similar fashion, the students were trained on a basic general IT course and then given a few lessons on the core features of the LEO by the facilitators. The last phase of RP’s implementation of their ERP was improvement. This involved addition of the features that had been suggested in the planning stage but had been left out in implementation. More improvements on the ERP were based on suggestions from three sources; the top management, the facilitators and the development team itself, with additional suggestions being drawn from the students. The LEO manager determined which improvements

Leadership theories in a changing context Essay - 1

Leadership theories in a changing context - Essay Example Dorfman’s statement, ‘If we think of leadership research as flowing as a stream, it flows in a meandering, intertwining and constantly shifting manner’, creates the perfect example of how leadership works and in particular the hybrid nature of leadership styles which borrow from each other. I am a finance manager for a veterinary university in which I have to supervise and delegate to three or four staff. I also work with other veterinarians and hospital staff at another three animal hospital sites. Dealing with this large and diverse of a workforce in the healthcare system, it was imperative that I already have developed and used my existing leadership skills. â€Å"Leadership cannot exist without followership† (Conger 1990). This helps highlight the relationship that is shared between both leader and follower. We work together as a collective and without the followers; there is no need to lead. It is also important to distinguish between the two different types of leaders: the maximum man and the minimum man. The maximum man is the charismatic leader who inspires change and the minimum man is a manager interested in maintaining the status quo (Conger & Kanungo 1998). There are two leadership styles in particular that I utilize on a daily basis: transformationa l leadership and transactional leadership. Transformational leadership is a leadership style in which the leader works on transforming the individual by helping develop them. According to Sendjaya and Sarros (2002), transformational leadership can be described that, â€Å"it raises the level of human conduct and ethical aspiration of both leader and led†. This means that transformational leadership transcends to effect both the leader and the follower. It transcends the work environment to influence moral and personality development. In particular this comes into play when I teach a new topic or skill to those following me. It requires both patience as well as effective communication skills.