Analysis Of Tobias Wolff s Bullet From The Brain

P.O.V. No.27 - BULLET IN THE BRAIN Tobias Wolff s short story, Bullet in the Brain Reprinted by permission of International Creative Management, Inc. Copyright  © 1995 by Tobias Wolff. First appeared in The New Yorker on Sept. 25, 1995. Anders couldn t get to the bank until just before it closed, so of course the line was endless and he got stuck behind two women whose loud, stupid conversation put him in a murderous temper. He was never in the best of tempers anyway, Anders - a book critic known for the weary, elegant savagery with which he dispatched almost everything he reviewed. With the line still doubled around the rope, one of the tellers stuck a POSITION CLOSED sign in her window and walked to the back of the bank,†¦show more content†¦One of you tellers hits the alarm, you re all dead meat. Got it? The tellers nodded. Oh, bravo, Anders said. Dead meat. He turned to the woman in front of him. Great script, eh? The stern, brass-knuckled poetry of the dangerous classes. She looked at him with drowning eyes. The man with the shotgun pushed the guard to his knees. He handed up the shotgun to his partner and yanked the guard s wrists up behind his back and locked them together with a pair of handcuffs. He toppled him onto the floor with a kick between the shoulder blades. Then he took his shotgun back and went over to the security gate at the end of the counter. He was short and heavy and moved with peculiar slowness, even torpor. Buzz him in, his partner said. The man with the shotgun opened the gate and sauntered along the line of tellers, handing each of them a Hefty bag. When he came to the empty position he looked over at the man with the pistol, who said, Whose slot is that? Anders watched the teller. She put her hand to her throat and turned to the man she d been talking to. He nodded. Mine, she said. Then get your ugly ass in gear and fill that bag. There you go, Anders said to the woman in front of him. Justice is done. Hey! Bright boy! Did I tell you talk? No, Anders said. Then shut your trap. Did you hear that? Anders said. Bright boy. Right out of The Killers . Please be

Urban Legend of Cry Baby Bridge Essay examples - 905 Words

Cry Baby Bridge When talking to students around campus about urban legends they knew, many of them were quick to recite a story that they once enjoyed hearing. Most people all knew at least a couple stories. Almost everyone knew some variation of the most popular urban legends. When talking in the dorm with a twenty year old female student, I learned that she knew several stories from her hometown. I found most interesting the story involving a bridge named Cry Baby Bridge. The story was specific to her home town. She had heard it in a similar situation as me, in the dorm atmosphere from one of her friends from her hometown. This is the story she told me, as close to verbatim as possible: One day back home several years ago a†¦show more content†¦Now, if you go when it is dark out you hear the baby crying and can see her wandering. Another variation took place in Westminster, MD (Schlossman). This story included both the father and the boyfriend. The father disapproved of her baby and she caught the boyfriend cheating. This ending has the women throwing the baby over and then her body being found hung on the bridge. The result is the same as the Crofton version because it is said that when it is dark out you can hear the baby crying and see her mother wandering. These variations show that the story can be passed from town to town as people verbally spread the legend. Whenever the story is told, the teller believes that this Cry Baby Bridge is located in their town. All of the stories involve a teenage girl having a baby, being rejected by her father and/or her boyfriend, and the woman being depressed and killing the baby and herself on the bridge. When looked at closely, this legend can also show us the fears of our society. Many common fears, mainly involving youth, are displayed in this story. All of the variations focus on teen pregnancy. This issue is a well known problem with youth today. The story shows the fear young women have about getting pregnant. Youth today, both men and women, are often scared about all of the consequences they can have from sex, such as pregnancy or STDs. With many young people today having sex, these problems seem to be aShow MoreRelatedOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesRevisited David M. Scobey, Empire City: The Making and Meaning of the New York City Landscape Gerda Lerner, Fireweed: A Political Autobiography Allida M. 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Scorpio Case Study Analysis Free Essays

Case Analysis Brand promise: â€Å"Luxury of a car. Thrill of an SUV. † Emotional benefits Thrill Excitement Power Rational benefits World Class Vehicle Good Looks Car-like comforts Great value Relational Benefits Young Modern Premium City companion Infrastructure Showrooms were redone Decor depicted imageries of sportiness, movement and technology movement Showroom Experience Uniform customer experience Unique experience and not just the product Exclusive sales people Selected people from current employees and trained them Advertising and promotions strategy Car plus positioning Premium imagery of SUV in city context â€Å"Hero† in advertisements – Product International feel Communication Strategy â€Å"Big Brand feeling† Role of media High impact launch- 15th August High visibility Television: Emotional benefits and international imagery Print: Functional Benefits Phase 1: Metro Cities Phase 2: 20 cities Coved 50 cities within an year BRANDZ Bonding Thrill of driving SUV while enjoying comfort and luxury of a car. We will write a custom essay sample on Scorpio Case Study Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now Advantage Style added to UV. â€Å"Car plus†more comfort +mileage +space Performance Relevance Presence Power and pickup. Ease of gear shifting. Smoothness of clutch. Quietness of the vehicle Luxury + Sophistication + Value for money Advertisements , Launch on independence day with wide press coverage, Public events. Expand to global markets Devise strategies to counter the players entering the UV and B and C segment 1. 2. 3. High share of category expenditure in bonding stage: 109 Scorpios sold daily. 4 lakh units sold globally since launch. Within 4 months of launch MM achieved 22% market share in premium hard top SUV. (Source: http://articles. economictimes. indiatimes. com/2012-06-17/news/32270172_1_alan-durante-projectscorpio-pawan-goenka) How to cite Scorpio Case Study Analysis, Free Case study samples

The Attitude of The Employees Towards Job Satisfaction

Question: How The attitude of the employees towards job satisfaction and the motivation of the employees help the organization as well as the employees to succeed in the competitive market? Answer: The attitude of the employees towards job satisfaction and the motivation of the employees help the organization as well as the employees to succeed in the competitive market. it has been found that attitude has three components of attitude, Cognitive, Affective and Behavioral component. The types of attitudes are, job satisfaction, job involvement, organizational commitment, perceived organizational support and employee engagement. It is necessary for the managers to know the type of attitudes so that they have an idea about the type of attitudes and take further steps. The extrinsic employees rewards the employees through monetary products and the intrinsic motivation help the employees to get a sense of belonging among the employees. The limitation of job satisfaction is that the employees become in competitive, as they are satisfied with the current job. The limitation of intrinsic motivation is that it takes to get implanted in the organization. The negative thing about the extr insic motivation diverts the employees from the path as they start concentrating only on the rewards. As it can be seen that the advantage and disadvantages are part of the organization, hence, the managers should know the proper way to handle the employees. Introduction Motivation and job satisfactions are inter-related to each other (Ford 2014). Once the employees are motivated, they will work harder for the organization. The motivated employees will be happy in the organization and hence they will hold a positive attitude towards the organization and will be satisfied in the job (Card et al. 2012). Thus, it is important the manager of an organization know the ways of motivation and the path to job satisfaction. The attitude of the employees towards the organization tells about the degree of job satisfaction of the employees in the organization. However, it is important to know about the shortcomings of jobs satisfactions and the motivations (Collie, Shapka and Perry 2012). Hence, the managers should prepare themselves beforehand for any negative situation. Though job satisfaction are positive terms yet if they are not sued intelligently in the organization, then chances are high that the organization will have to suffer from loss rather than profi t (Edmans 2012). In addition to this, there are different motivational theories that the manager should know to manage the employees. They should be able decide which theory should be implemented in the organization so that the employees perform well at the workplace (Hlsheger et al. 2013). This write-up will analyze the attitude of the employees and the job satisfaction of the employees. The importance of motivation in the organization will also be studied. The write-up evaluates the importance of motivation that will help the managers in the organization to decide the way, the employees should be motivated and the type of motivation that should be implemented in the organization. In addition to this, the limitations of job satisfaction and motivation will also be evaluated so that factors are analyzed properly. This will help the readers to understand the proper way of managing the employees and make the organization successful in the competitive market. Analysis The attitude of the employees towards the work speaks a lot about the way they will work in the organization or will succeed on a long run (Braun et al. 2013). Attitude can be divided into three components while an employee is working in an organization, they are: Cognitive component Affective component Behavioral component An individual should know the components of attitude towards work to realize the development of attitude towards work (Fortney et al. 2013). When an individual enters an organization, the person holds a certain belief towards the organization. This kind of belief is instilled in the person both through the ex-employees, word of mouth and through online research. The pre-assigned thoughts are called the cognitive component (Milln et al. 2013). The affective component is the emotional connection of the employee towards the organization and the feeling of an individual towards work (Oliver 2014). It mainly deals with the emotional side of the employee. Behavioral component develops in the final stage (Imran et al. 2014). The employee understands the nature of work and the nature of the co-employees at the workplace and eventually develops the behavioral components (Abbas et al. 2014). The study of the attitude towards job satisfaction is important because it will help the mangers to understand the perspective of the employees towards the work. The managers should know the components of the attitude well so that they are able to evaluate the areas that need upliftment so that the employees work well in the organization (Card et al. 2012). Even if the employees are demotivated then also the attitude comes to play. For an organization to make use of the attitudes of the employees, it should know the types of attitudes. The types of attitudes are: Job satisfaction The positive or the negative feeling of an individual towards the organization and the work culture of the organization decides the job satisfaction of the employees in the organization (Collie, Shapka and Perry 2012). Job involvement The employees should be able to identify themselves with the type of job they are doing and will get involved in the job and prove fruitful for the organization (Edmans 2012). Organizational commitment The employees should be able to know the goals of the organization and should be able to understand the expected results to achieve the goal (Hlsheger et al. 2013). The employees will then remain committed to the organization. Perceived organizational support (POS) Every employee needs a special attention from the employer. Once the employees will feel that the organization is taking care of them, their attitude towards the job and the workplace will change (Braun et al. 2013). Employee engagement Once the employees will be satisfied working with the organization, they will work enthusiastically for the organization, it will help in the enhancement of the employee engagement within the organization (Fortney et al. 2013). After gaining knowledge about the types of attitudes, the managers can help the organization to function competitively in the external market (Milln et al. 2013). The component will help them to understand the way the employees should be treated depending upon their stay in the organization. The types of attitudes will help the managers to understand the type that they want to see among the employees (Oliver 2014). Depending in the type of attitude, the practices will be introduced in the workplace so that the employees will be satisfied with the job (Imran et al. 2014). Limitations of job satisfaction Once the employees are satisfied in the job, they seldom tend to disturb the equilibrium factor that they have attained in the organization (Abbas et al. 2014). At times, the employees either do not want to change the job nor they want to take up any challenge in the organization. The problems of job satisfaction harm the employees as well as the organization (Card et al. 2012). At times, the employees are not ready to take up challenges in the organization. The managers in the organization will have a tough time innovating new business and spreading the business (Collie, Shapka and Perry 2012). If the employees do not have the interest in changing the job, their career will become stagnant. There are other limitations for job satisfaction as well. If any of the employees does not like the job and is working in the company because of lack of options then the factor of job satisfaction will not be applied in this case (Edmans 2012). However, it is up to choice of the employee to select the job. Many times, an individual joins a job just because he or she is not getting another job. If the environment of the workplace is good, chances are there that the employees will stay in the organization and work diligently (Hlsheger et al. 2013). However, negative chances are there as well. The employee may never develop the liking for the workplace and will even if the managers try hard, the employee will never be satisfied with the job. The employee will not be satisfied even if the person is provided with the good environment and good people to work with (Braun et al. 2013). On the other hand, motivation is one of the most important factors that drive the employees in performing well in the organization. It is important for the employees to know the two types of motivations because the managers have to decide which type of motivation will be helpful for the organization (Fortney et al. 2013). The two types of motivation available to the managers are: Extrinsic motivation The extrinsic motivation is in the form of financial motivation (Erez, Kleinbeck and Thierry 2012). The employees should be given the benefits and the bonus on regular basis. The employees should get the payment in time and leaves should be given to the employees properly. If any of the employees is doing any extra work that is beneficial for the organization then the employee should be given the rewards either in the form of money or in any other form of rewards (Kanfer, Beier and Ackerman 2013). In this way, it will keep up the motivation of the workers and eventually help the organization to grow. Intrinsic motivation The direct boss of the employees or the leader of a team can provide intrinsic motivation (Barrick, Mount and Li 2013). Intrinsic motivation does not involve money but the reward is given in the form of recognition. If any of the employees is performing well in the organization, the employer should recognize the work (Tannenbaum 2013). The employees should be roped in for the decision-making process in the organization. The recognition and the roles will help them in building the intrinsic motivation (Pinder 2014). Hence, the employees will work harder for the organization. The manager needs to know the form of motivations to decide the time when the motivations will be applied on the employees (Reeve 2014). It might happen that not all the employees could be influenced by one type of motivation (Haslam et al. 2014). Hence, the manager should be able to understand the employees and then decide the type of motivation that will help the employees to work harder for the organization. Motivational theory The experts help the managers in an organization to understand the types of motivation that is required by the employees introduces the motivational theories. The Hawthorne effect is one such theory that helps in the development of the individual and in turn helps in increasing the productivity of the organization (Pinder 2014). Henry A. Landsberger is the first person who understood that the workers in an organization work in a better manner when they know that they are being observed by a senior authority (Reeve 2014). The efficiency level enhances when they know that they will be rewarded for the work. The Hawthorne effect got its name when some of the social experiments that was done in the Western Electrics Factory at Hawthorne located in Chicago during the 1920s-1930s. The experiment was done to see the effect of physical conditions on the productivity of the employees. To carry out the experiment, the managers enhanced a number of psychical conditions like making the workplace bright, changing in the working hours, giving breaks in between works and enhanced the plan of the leaves. The result was more motivated employees as they felt that the organization is taking care of them and their well-being in the organization. The researcher conclude that the employees will become more motivated at work once they will see that they are been looked after rather than actual enhancement of their health individually (Haslam et al. 2014). The managers should make use of the Hawthorne effect in the organization for better productivity. The managers should not keep a constant check on the work of the employees because that might make the employees uneasy (Ford 2014). The productivity may decrease as they will be in constant fear that they are being watched. However, periodic follow up to the employees and their performance will help the employees to keep a check on their work process (Kanfer, Chen and Pritchard 2012). Getting an idea about the problems faced by the employees in the organization and taking measures to solve those problems will enhance the interest of the employees towards their work (Schunk and Zimmerman 2012). Limitations of motivation There are certain limitations when the managers will have to apply the motivations on the employees. As far as the intrinsic motivation is concerned, it will take a long time for the managers to implement them for the employees (Kanfer, Chen and Pritchard 2012). If any of the organization is looking for a fast change or want to implement a new idea in the organization, then the intrinsic motivation will not help the organization (Schunk and Zimmerman 2012). The employees will take time to understand that they are being treated well in the organization and then they will be motivated and work accordingly (Erez, Kleinbeck and Thierry 2012). As far as the extrinsic motivation is concerned, it is mainly in the monetary rewards. There is chance that then employees will mainly assume the rewards as their goal and will work accordingly (Kanfer, Beier and Ackerman 2013). There is a chance that once the rewards will be stopped that employees will also stop working (Barrick, Mount and Li 2013). The employees will not work for the organization but they will work just because the organization is paying the employees for the work (Tannenbaum 2013). This kind of motivation might be short-lived and might not help the organization for a long-term support. Conclusion After evaluating the importance of attitude in job satisfaction, it can be concluded that the job satisfaction mainly depends on the managers of an organization so that the employees are satisfied to work in the organization. It can also be concluded that the employees need to motivated so that they work happily in the organization. However, it is up to the managers to decide the type of motivation that should be provided to the employees. However, the job satisfaction and the motivations have their own limitations. On the one hand, the job satisfaction at times make the employees lethargic as they are not ready to go way from the job that they are enjoying. Lethargy at work affects the organization as well as the person who has the satisfaction in the job. On the other hand, the extrinsic motivation at times, takes the attentions of the employee away from the job as they concentrate only on the rewards. The intrinsic motivation takes time to get implemented in the organization. Thus , the managers of the organization need to implement the actions in the organization carefully so that the organization would not have to suffer any loss. The employees should also be made to understand that they should not take any situation as granted and work ardently for the enhancement of the organization. References Abbas, M., Raja, U., Darr, W. and Bouckenooghe, D., 2014. Combined effects of perceived politics and psychological capital on job satisfaction, turnover intentions, and performance.Journal of Management,40(7), pp.1813-1830. Barrick, M.R., Mount, M.K. and Li, N., 2013. The theory of purposeful work behavior: The role of personality, higher-order goals, and job characteristics.Academy of Management Review,38(1), pp.132-153. Braun, S., Peus, C., Weisweiler, S. and Frey, D., 2013. Transformational leadership, job satisfaction, and team performance: A multilevel mediation model of trust.The Leadership Quarterly,24(1), pp.270-283. Card, D., Mas, A., Moretti, E. and Saez, E., 2012. Inequality at work: The effect of peer salaries on job satisfaction.The American Economic Review,102(6), pp.2981-3003. Collie, R.J., Shapka, J.D. and Perry, N.E., 2012. School climate and socialemotional learning: Predicting teacher stress, job satisfaction, and teaching efficacy.Journal of Educational Psychology,104(4), p.1189. Edmans, A., 2012. The link between job satisfaction and firm value, with implications for corporate social responsibility.The Academy of Management Perspectives,26(4), pp.1-19. Erez, M., Kleinbeck, U. and Thierry, H. eds., 2012.Work motivation in the context of a globalizing economy. Psychology Press. Ford, J.K., 2014.Improving training effectiveness in work organizations. Psychology Press. Fortney, L., Luchterhand, C., Zakletskaia, L., Zgierska, A. and Rakel, D., 2013. Abbreviated mindfulness intervention for job satisfaction, quality of life, and compassion in primary care clinicians: a pilot study.The Annals of Family Medicine,11(5), pp.412-420. Haslam, S.A., van Knippenberg, D., Platow, M.J. and Ellemers, N. eds., 2014.Social identity at work: Developing theory for organizational practice. Psychology Press. Hlsheger, U.R., Alberts, H.J., Feinholdt, A. and Lang, J.W., 2013. Benefits of mindfulness at work: the role of mindfulness in emotion regulation, emotional exhaustion, and job satisfaction.Journal of Applied Psychology,98(2), p.310. Imran, H., Arif, I., Cheema, S. and Azeem, M., 2014. Relationship between job satisfaction, job performance, attitude towards work, and organizational commitment.Entrepreneurship and innovation management journal,2(2), pp.135-144. Kanfer, R., Beier, M.E. and Ackerman, P.L., 2013. Goals and motivation related to work in later adulthood: An organizing framework.European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology,22(3), pp.253-264. Kanfer, R., Chen, G. and Pritchard, R.D. eds., 2012.Work motivation: Past, present and future. Routledge. Milln, J.M., Hessels, J., Thurik, R. and Aguado, R., 2013. Determinants of job satisfaction: a European comparison of self-employed and paid employees.Small business economics,40(3), pp.651-670. Oliver, R.L., 2014.Satisfaction: A behavioral perspective on the consumer. Routledge. Pinder, C.C., 2014.Work motivation in organizational behavior. Psychology Press. Reeve, J., 2014.Understanding motivation and emotion. John Wiley Sons. Schunk, D.H. and Zimmerman, B.J. eds., 2012.Motivation and self-regulated learning: Theory, research, and applications. Routledge. Tannenbaum, A., 2013.Social psychology of the work organization. Routledge.

Red Bull Target Market Essay Example

Red Bull Target Market Paper Recommendations for Red Bull to Sustain Their Marketing Momentum The marketing strategy of Red Bull can be considered as one of the most successful one over the years. Red Bull has been famous for building a beverage brand without relying on mass-media. The central component in all marketing activities of Red Bull was â€Å"Word- of mouth†. Besides, Red Bull also created â€Å"adult cartoon† advertisement, pushed trial programme, invented an extensive network of events, sponsored leading athletes of extreme sports and branded refrigerated sales units to complete their marketing strategy. However, in order to sustain the marketing success, besides their traditional marketing campaign, we think that Red Bull need to take the following actions: ? Boosting mass-marketing campaign to embed the image of Red Bull an energy drink- in customers’ minds: in the current harsh competition market, where multiple brands of energy drinks are available, it is hard for Red Bull to keep their position as the first choice in customers’ minds when they need an energy drink if customers do not have chance to see the image of Red Bull regularly. Therefore, now it is the time for them to use other tools like billboards, banner ads or posters at the public places to maximize contact with customers. ?Increasing advertising on the internet: as the internet is so popular now and more and more people spend much of their time surfing the internet, Red Bull also needs to popularise their brand through some activities on the internet like creating some extreme games online and advertising on appropriate websites which are quite familiar with students and business people in different countries. Diversifying their products: Red Bull should show their innovation to customers to freshen the image as well as to create entry barriers against other competitors through product diversification. We will write a custom essay sample on Red Bull Target Market specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Red Bull Target Market specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Red Bull Target Market specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer They can introduce new kinds of drink with more vitamin plus or more flavours but they have to make sure that the new kinds are also energy drinks to maintain the relationship between the word â€Å"energy† with Red Bull. Creating Red Bull scholarship: due to the fact that students are considered as an important part in Red Bull’s target market, it is good for Red Bull to build their good image among students through granting three to five scholarships each year on their brand name to the students who get excellent results despite of difficult living conditions. ?Sponsoring charity activities: Red Bull also need to sponsor the charity activities relating to supporting people to overcome serious diseases or athletes to recover after injury. This action together with the above action of granting scholarships not only helps Red Bull gain positive thinking from the public but also create a good link to the brand name â€Å"Red Bull gives you wings†. In sum, to maintain their marketing momentum, Red Bull needs to do all the necessary activities to strengthen the attachment between the word â€Å"energy† and the brand name Red Bull. Then whenever customers think about energy drink they will think about Red Bull.

Wedding Rehearsal Dinner Toast Quotes Page

Wedding Rehearsal Dinner Toast Quotes Page It is the night before the important day. Rehearsal dinners are less formal than the actual wedding dinner. But often, close family members and friends make rehearsal dinner toasts to the bride and groom. With an appropriate choice of words, good rehearsal dinner toasts can set the right mood for the big day. Here are some quotes for rehearsal dinner toasts. Amy TanI am like a falling star who has finally found her place next to another in a lovely constellation, where we will sparkle in the heavens forever. Don ByasYou call it madness, but I call it love. Ralph BlockYoure nothing short of my everything. Robert BrowningGrow old with me! The best is yet to be. Margot AsquithShe tells enough white lies to ice a wedding cake. Roy CroftI love youNot for what you areBut for what I am when I am with you. William Butler YeatsI have spread my dreams under your feetTread softly because you tread on my dreams. The NotebookThe best love is the kind that awakens the soul and makes us reach for more, that plants a fire in our hearts and brings peace to our minds, and thats what youve given me. Thats what I hope to give to you forever. Kahlil GibranMarriage is like a golden ring in a chain, whose beginning is a glance and whose ending is eternity. SophoclesOne word frees us of all the weight and pain of life: that word is love. Cole PorterNight and day you are the one,Only you beneath the moon and under the sun. PlatoAt the touch of love, everyone becomes a poet. PlautusLet us celebrate the occasion with wine and sweet words. Arthur RubinsteinIt took great courage to ask a beautiful young woman to marry me. Believe me, it is easier to play the whole Petrushka on the piano. HomerThere is nothing nobler or more admirable than when two people who see eye to eye keep house as man and wife, confounding their enemies and delighting their friends. Erma BombeckPeople shop for a bathing suit with more care than they do a husband or wife. The rules are the same. Look for something youll feel comfortable wearing. Allow for room to grow. Gwendolyn BrooksWe are each others harvest; we are each others business; we are each others magnitude and bond. Marc ChagallIn our life there is a single color, as on an artists palette, which provides the meaning of life and art. It is the color of love. Langston HughesWhen people care for you and cry for you, they can straighten out your soul. Ogden NashTo keep your marriage brimming, with love in the wedding cup, whenever you’re wrong, admit it; whenever you’re right, shut up. Ronald ReaganThe man who puts into the marriage only half of what he owns will get that out. Ruth Bell GrahamA good marriage is the union of two good forgivers. I Corinthians 13:13There are three things that last: faith, hope, and love, and the greatest of these is love. Maryon PearsonBehind every great man, there is a surprised woman. Walter RauschenbuschWe never live so intensely as when we love strongly. We never realize ourselves so vividly as when we are in full glow of love for others. Lao TzuTo love someone deeply gives you strength. Being loved by someone deeply gives you courage. Antoine de Saint-ExuperyLove does not consist in gazing at each other, but in looking outward together in the same direction. Oscar WildeBigamy is having one wife too many. Monogamy is the same. John Keating, Dead Poets SocietyWe dont read and write poetry because its cute. We read and write poetry because we are members of the human race. And the human race is filled with passion. And medicine, law, business, engineering, these are noble pursuits and necessary to sustain life. But poetry, beauty, romance, love, these are what we stay alive for. Beverly NicholsMarriage a book of which the first chapter is written in poetry and the remaining chapters written in prose. Douglas JerroldIn all of the wedding cake, hope is the sweetest of plums. City of AngelsI would rather have had one breath of her hair, one kiss from her mouth, one touch of her hand, than eternity without it.

Important Events in Life Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Important Events in Life - Essay Example I invited Nancy for a date, which she ceremoniously accepted. Thus, last Sunday we enjoyed much of our time in the Great Park, had frequent refreshments and even she shared her time with me in swimming. She was highly accommodative. During the discourse in a restaurant, I came to know she was in need to pay for her ensuing exam and related papers. In a hilarious moment, I asked her if I could help her. She replied, â€Å"No. thanks. I manage†, Around 4 P.M, I wished to swim in the Glaaang Swimming Pool inside the Park. On entering into the GSP, I asked her, â€Å"How about you, NANCY?† She got into the swimming suit in no time. I found her enjoying this part of the date to her maximum joy. When I left the pool in a few minutes, she expressed her wish to be swimming for some more time. I got out and was drying myself, during when I happened to see a small piece of paper resembling a bank statement protruding from her wallet. Immediately I thought of helping her with surp rise. I took a snap in my mobile phone, the front top portion of that bank statement depicting her nickname, bank name, and account number. I was not interested in the transaction details. So, I simply kept it back in her vanity bag and closed by when she returned and asked, â€Å"What Sam, what do you want in my wallet. â€Å"Nothing, I just kept it aside†, I replied. After swimming, we went to a shopping mall and spent about three hours. At about 9 P.M. we were to depart. Just then I asked her a few minutes more for an ice-cream. Although she said okay, she took a few sips of tea only and offered to pay for this ‘final touch’ in her words. She pronounced ‘final’ in a peculiar slang sounding ‘FINALY’ I was happily returning to my hostel. At around 11.30 in a night, I once again thought of helping her and sat on my PC in my room. I simply sent $500 to the bank account via internet banking. Then I forgot everything and my days went on a normal course. Some three days later, one Police Inspector intervened into my reading in the College Library and showed me a photo. â€Å"Do you know this gal, Sam?† In that photo, I saw a girl in full inebriated state. I curtly replied â€Å"No†. â€Å"Had you been dating her last Sunday?† he asked in a highly authoritative tone. â€Å"I had been dating last Sunday, but not with this girl† I replied decisively. â€Å"Sure?† â€Å"Yes, my dated girl was not this. Why sir? What happened?† â€Å"This girl is no more now† I spelled a formal sorrow by saying, â€Å"I see, I am sorry† During this response of me the Inspector almost went into my eyes. â€Å"Ok. Sam, Do you have a laptop?† â€Å"No, I have a PC in my room† â€Å"Well. I get to you back if needed† The Inspector went. The same evening the Inspector turned up to my room in a casual manner and enquired about my study details. â€Å"Oh, this is your P C? Can I send a personal email dear?† I got up leaving the table to him. In a few minutes, the Inspector bid goodbye and went out. Next morning the local newspaper read: One Bobby was suspected to have been murdered by someone in Crown Bar in her over intoxication. The internet transfer of $500 into her account led to a guy of College. He does not fall within the suspicion zone since the log in time of the Internet banking from the PC is exactly the same of her death moment. However, the connection between his lover and Bobby is being probed.

Photovoltaic cells Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Photovoltaic cells - Research Paper Example PV cells energy conversion efficiency has now crossed mark of 20 percent. Several companies, universities and research institutions are doing intense research and development work to reduce the cost further so that its economics fare favorably to other competing energy systems. There has been considerable headway in the research and it is quite likely that it will become one of the most prominent technologies among all renewable sources of energy in next 10 years. Being eco friendly, it has the capacity to meet the current and future energy needs of mankind. Introduction Photovoltaic Cell is a technique to generate direct current through solar radiation using semiconductors. The PV cell technology is useful to produce electricity particularly, at the location where grid system is not available. This paper will study the technology, types of photovoltaic cells, current status, its economics, engineering issues, technological advances, future scope and the direction that the industry m ake take. Off-the-Grid Systems Off-the-grid system is useful when electricity demand cannot be met through grid due to its isolated locations. The benefit of the off-the-grid system is that it is self reliant, not dependent on any outside source, using some renewable source of energy such as solar. ... Solar radiation falls on PV cell to energize the electron producing DC current. Inverter converts DC current to AC. Energy is stored in array of batteries. The efficiency of photovoltaic cells is a key parameter to convert solar energy into usable energy. Van Geet home is a typical off-grid system for generating energy based on solar power. It is a remote location near Denver in Colorado. Several renewable-energy features along with energy-conservation measures have been incorporated in this home. The design of this home is studied as an ideal research home. It has photovoltaic based solar power system. The house is said to have achieved 89% energy savings. The system uses 1000-watt amorphous silicon PV with a tracking controller. It surpasses the norms of 70% HVAC and energy savings for Building America research homes. It has been now recognized as a model home and taken for further study and research as energy saving designs in US. (Barley et al 2004) Below mentioned diagram shows a typical off-grid energy system. Source: http://homepower.com/basics/solar/#MainDCDisconnect Mobile homes also use similar PV based energy system to meet their energy needs. Major components in such systems are PV Cells, Charge controller, Battery Bank, and inverter. PV Cells Working of Photovoltaics Solar energy is converted to electricity through photovoltaics. The technology exploits the photoelectric property of certain material that absorbs photons of light to release the electrons. These free electrons cause electric current to flow that can be used for our needs (Knier 2002). PV Cell is a chief component and the heart of such energy systems. More than 50 percent of the cost of the energy system is attributed to PV module. For this reason, the

Reporting on a Religious Service Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Reporting on a Religious Service - Essay Example The outside pictures were a distinct depiction of a religious place that was encompassed in its architecture. The temple was fenced all round by metallic rails that demarcated the place from its neighborhoods. The temple had a dome that was indicative of the Shikar-bandhi type of the Jain temples. The temple was beautifully carved with pillars all over the entrance, and the inside of the temple was enclosed. The colors that were used on the outside included white with blue-print of the Jain signs and symbols. From the front, there was only one entrance to access the building with a dome on top of the entrance. The inside was also decorated with a combination of architecture, paintings, and colors that were similar to those that were outside. On my entry into the building, I took off my shoes because every other believer was taking off their shoes, and it was a sign of etiquette. The inside had two staircases. The downstairs was composed of many rooms that were meant for education and other programs in the temple. The upstairs was the main temple of the believers. The upstairs was an empty hall that had no furniture. However, the floor was covered with a mat. Inside this temple, there were idols that were decorated differently. The middle idol was the most decorated while the three on each of the sides were less decorated. The believers were seated on these mats with their legs folded and their hands laying on their laps. Most people in this service were middle class and the high class. Their ethnic group was mainly Indian, and their gender was composed of both males and females. Their age s were varied from approximately 3years to 70 years old. I went upstairs to the service because that was the location of the temple. On this Sunday, the people had attended the service for prayer. On the way they pray, before we entered the temple, the people should put something yellow on their forehead and wipe their heads a little of

Recognition Properties for Pyrrole

Recognition Properties for Pyrrole Preparation of molecularly imprinted polymer and its recognition properties for pyrrole X.W. Wu, J. Wang, H.X. Wang  [1], Q.M. Zhou, L.H. Liu. wang, Y.P. Wu, H.W. Yang, G.L. Zhao, S.X. Tuo Abstract: The molecularly-imprinted polymer (MIP) of pyrrole was synthesized by a precipitation polymerization method using acrylamide (AM) as functional monomer and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as cross-linker agent in acetonitrile. MIP of pyrrole was characterized by FT-IR and UV. The surface morphology and specific surface area of the MIP was characterized by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and nitrogen adsorption (BET). The adsorption behavior of the MIP was investigated in detail, which showed high selectivity for pyrrole, the results indicated that the maximum binding capacities of pyrrole on the MIP and the non-imprinted polymer (NIP) were 404 and 265 ÃŽ ¼molΆ¡g−1, respectively. Application of MIP with a high selectivity to pyrrole provides a novel method for separating and purifying the trace nitrogenous heterocyclic compounds from tobacco. Keyword: molecularly imprinted polymer, pyrrole, tobacco, nitrogenous heterocyclic compounds 1 INTRODUCTION The Pyrrole and other nitrogenous heterocyclic compounds in tobacco leaves come mainly from the reaction products formed by the reaction of sugar and amino acid[1-3], which play an important role in sensory quality of tobacco and tobacco products. They are the important parameters to evaluate the sensory quality of tobacco products and have great effects on the sensory characteristics of tobacco products and on the health of smokers[4]. Therefore, the studies and analysis of nitrogenous heterocyclic compounds are conducive to improve the quality of perfuming and tobacco products. Molecular Imprinting, as an interdiscipline derived from polymer chemistry, material science, and biological chemistry, is the method of preparing the polymer with particular selection to given template molecules[5-8]. So far, dozens of countries, (i.e., America, Japan, Germany, Australia, France and China) hundreds of academic institutions and enterprises have been working on the research and development of the molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP).Thanks to MIP is simple in preparation and can be easily preserved, with specific selectivity, high temperature, high pressure and acid corrosion, it has been widely used in the solid phase extraction[9], chromatography analysis [10], membrane separation [11], biomimetic sensor[12], ect. The separation of bioactive ingredients in natural products is difficult because of their low contents, complex structures and diversity[13-15]. Compared with traditional methods (high performance liquid chromatography, silica gel column chromatography, etc.), molecular imprinting method has the advantages of high molecular recognition, simple operation, low solvent consumption and recyclable[16]. Thus, the molecularly imprinting technique has attracted considerable attention for extraction of compounds from complex mixtures of chemical species[17-18]. However, to the best of our knowledge, no molecularly imprinted polymer has been reported for the separation and determination of pyrrole in tobacco so far. In this study, pyrrole imprinted polymer was synthesized by employing acrylamide (AM) as functional monomer and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as crosslinking. After the characteristics and analysis of the MIP and NIP, the adsorption behavior including kinetics and isotherms are discussed in detail. It was found that the MIP can specifically adsorb and identify pyrrole molecules, which meant the MIP can be applied to separation and enrichment of trace pyrrole in tobacco. The aim of this paper is to provide theoretical basis and technical supports for further study of the effects of nitrogen heterocyclic compound on tobacco quality. 2 EXPERIMENTAL 2.1 Reagents Pyrrole, pyridine and methanol were obtained from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Acrylamide, methacrylic acid, acetonitrile and azodiisobutyronitrile were purchased from Tianjin Kermel Chemical Reagent Company (Tianjin, China). Ethylene glycol dimethacrylate was obtained from Aladdin reagent co., LTD (Guangdong, China). All the solvents were of analytical reagent grade and used without further purification. 2.2 Synthesis of MIP and NIP The pyrrole imprinted polymer was prepared by precipitation polymerization in the following procedures. 0.1 mmol of pyrrole and 0.4 mmol of AM were dissolved in 20 ml of acetonitrile in a 40 mL glass vessel. The mixture was sonicated at room temperature for 30 minutes for pre-polymerization, and then was incubated at 4à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã†â€™Ã‚ °C for 12 h. Subsequently, 2 mmol of cross-linker (EGDMA) and 10 mg of initiator (AIBN) were added stepwise. The glass vessel was degassed in a sonicating bath for 10 min, and filled with nitrogen for 30 min, and then sealed for polymerization at 60  °C for 24 h in a thermostat water bath. After polymerization, the resultants were extracted with a mixed solvent of methanol/acetic acid (9:1, v/v) for 48 h in a Soxhlet extractor to remove the template from its polymeric matrix, followed by ethanol for another 48 h to remove the acetic acid. The obtained MIP was dried in an oven at 60  °C overnight. As a control, the NIP was prepared and treated unde r identical conditions except for the omission of the template. 2.3 Morphological characterization The FT-IR spectra were recorded to characterize the MIP and NIP on an AVATAR 360 ESP FT-IR spectrometer (Nicolet, America). SEM images were obtained with afield-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM, JSM-6700F, JEOL, Japan). The nitrogen adsorption/desorption data of MIP and NIP was determined using an ASAP2020Micromeriticsapparatus (Micromeritics Instruments, USA). 2.4 Binding experiments The binding experiments were carried out at 30  °C and 150 rpm on an orbital shaker with 100 mg of the MIP and NIP in a 100 mL flask containing pyrrole in 20 ml of acetonitrile. Batch experiments were performed to examine the adsorption kinetics and equilibrium. In the kinetic adsorption experiments, 2.5 mmolΆ¡L-1 pyrrole in acetonitrile was used. The adsorption isotherm experiments were conducted with the initial pyrrole concentration ranging from 0.2 to 5.0 mmolΆ¡L-1 for 2 h. After the adsorption, the concentration of the substrates in the supernatant solutions was determined via an UV-2450 Ultraviolet Spectrophotometer (Shimadzu, Japan). The binding capacity of pyrrole and the analogs was calculated from the equation: (1) Where: Q stands for the binding capacity (ÃŽ ¼molΆ¡g−1), C0 and C are the initial and the residual concentrations (mmolΆ¡L-1) of pyrrole, respectively, V is the solution volume (mL), and m is the amount (mg) of the MIP or NIP used for the adsorption experiments. 3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 3.1 Interaction between pyrrole and the functional monomers In order to investigate the feasibility of imprinted pyrrole, two different functional monomers MAA and AM were investigated for the formation of complex with the template. The maximum absorption wavelength of pyrrole was measured by the UV-2450 Ultraviolet Spectrophotometer. As shown in Fig.1, compared with MAA, AM demonstrated much stronger interaction with pyrrole for the non-existent absorbance of pyrrole. It is possible that the complex of pyrrole with AM was formed via hydrogen bonding between N–H of pyrrole and –CONH2 of AM due to the pre-polymerization. Fig.1 Interaction between pyrrole and functional monomers 3.2 The molar ratio of pyrrole to the monomer In order to elucidate the recognition mechanism on a molecular level, spectrophotometric analysis was employed in the pyrrole imprinting process. A series solution were prepared in acetonitrile, in which the molar ratio of pyrrole and AM varied at 1:0, 1:2, 1:4 and 1:6, respectively. After equilibrium for 12 h, absorption spectrums of the mixture were measured via an UV-2450 Ultraviolet Spectrophotometer. As shown in Fig.2, the absorbance decreased with the increasing concentration of AM, When the molar ratio of pyrrole and AM up to 1:4, the absorption peak of pyrrole disappeared, which indicated that the pyrrole had reacted with AM completely. While molar ratio of pyrrole and AM exceeded 1:4, the excess of AM could self-associate, and formed non-specific binding site, which makes the adsorption mass transfer resistance increase and is not conducive to the preparation of molecularly imprinted polymer. Therefore, the optimal molar ratio of pyrrole and AM is 1:4. Fig.2 Absorption spectra of pyrrole with different proportion of AM in acetonitrile 3.3 Characteristics of MIP and NIP 3.3.1 Characterisation of MIP and NIP by FT-IR spectra Pyrrole, AM, EGDMA, MIP (before and after eluting templates) and NIP were compared to affirm the successful preparation of MIP by FT-IR spectra. The FT-IR spectra of the MIP before and after removal of template pyrrole are presented in Fig.3a and Fig.3b, respectively. The –NH stretching vibration band of monomer AM (Fig.3e) appeared at 3580 cm-1 in the spectra of MIP before pyrrole removal (Fig.3a), which indicated that the template pyrrole formed hydrogen bonding interaction with monomer AM, this band is shifted to a higher wavenumber (at 3585 cm-1) after removal of pyrrole in MIP (Fig.3b). A conspicuous band at 1648 cm-1 in the spectra of MIP before removal of template pyrrole is ascribed to -C=C- aromatic ring stretching vibration of pyrrole (Fig.3d). This band disappeared after removal of pyrrole in MIP (Fig.3a) and was not observed in spectra of NIP (Fig.3c) due to absence of pyrrole. The peak at 3597cm-1 inFig.3c corresponds to the –NH stretching of monomer AM in the FT-IR spectra of NIP. The absorption peaks of MIP and NIP were similar, which means that both MIP after eluting templates and NIP have the same chemical components. Fig.3 IR spectra of (a) MIP before eluting template, (b) MIP after eluting template , (c) NIP, (d) pyrrole, (e) AM 3.3.2 Morphology of MIP and NIP The morphology of MIP and NIP was shown in Fig.4. As shown in Fig.4 (a), the prepared polymer is microsphere and the particle is uniform, which indicated the spherical particle can be synthesized at the best experiment condition. The MIP microsphere has a narrow and small particle size, and the average diameter is 2ÃŽ ¼m. As for NIP, the microsphere with a narrow but big particle size, and the average diameter is 3ÃŽ ¼m. Much imino exist in the template molecule, which may suppress the polymerization, results in the bigger particle size of NIP compared with MIP. Besides, the whole reaction system polarity increased with the added template molecule, the solubility of MIP decreased, so that MIP precipitated from the whole reaction system early, which can also generate the bigger particle size of NIP. Fig.4 SEM micrographs of (a) MIP, (b) NIP. 3.3.3 Characterization of specific surface area Table 1 lists the results of nitrogen adsorption experiments for MIP and NIP particles. It can be seen that the specific surface area and the average pore diameter were different for MIP and NIP particles. Table1 Structure parameters of MIP and NIP a Measured by Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method. b Measured by Barrett–Joyner–Halenda (BJH) method. 3.4 Binding performance of MIP and NIP 3.4.1 Absorption isotherms and kinetic of pyrrole on the MIP and NIP The absorption isotherm curves of pyrrole on the MIP and NIP were plotted in Fig.5. The absorption capacity was increased gradually with increasing initial concentration of pyrrole in the range of 0.2-5.0 mmol ·L−1. In the higher concentration range, the binding capacity was close to be stable. The binding data can be analyzed by Langmuir equation: (2) Where Q stands for the binding capacity (ÃŽ ¼molΆ¡g−1), Qmax is the maximum binding capacity (ÃŽ ¼molΆ¡g−1), Ceq is equilibrium concentration of pyrrole (mmol ·L−1), and B is a constant. In order to calculate the maximum binding capacity of pyrrole on both MIP and NIP, this equation was changed into Eq. (3): (3) Eq. (3) shows a linear relationship between Ceq/Q and Ceq. From the slope of the linear plot, the maximum binding capacities of pyrrole on the MIP and NIP were calculated to be 404 and 265 ÃŽ ¼molΆ¡g−1, respectively, which means that the maximum binding capacity of pyrrole on MIP was 1.52 times of that on NIP. In addition, under the same experimental conditions, the adsorption capacity of the MIP at each concentration was higher than that of the NIP. It was indicated that MIP offered a higher affinity for the template molecule than NIP. Fig.5 Adsorption isotherms of pyrrole on MIP and NIP 3.4.2 Binding kinetic curve of pyrrole pyrrole on the MIP As shown in Fig.6, the adsorption kinetic curves of pyrrole on MIP and MIP were shown at the pyrrole concentration of 2.5 mmol ·L−1 in acetonitrile. It can be seen that the binding capacity of MIP increased rapidly in the period of 0-60 min, and then the increments were reduced on the stage of 60-80 min, and the saturated binding was observed after 80 min. Fig.6 Adsorption kinetic curves of pyrrole on MIP and NIP 3.4.3 Selective adsorption In the selective adsorption test, the target molecule pyrrole and the competitive one pyridine possess similar structure and co-exist in tobacco extract as nitrogenous heterocyclic compounds. As we can see in Table 2, it is obvious that the absorption capacity of pyrrole and pyridine of MIP was much higher than that of the NIP. The selectivity of MIP was 2.17 times higher than that of NIP, which suggested that the imprinting process significantly improved adsorption selectivity to the template. Table 2 Binding capacity of different substrates on MIP and NIP 4 CONCLUSIONS In this paper, the pyrrole molecularly imprinted polymer was synthesized via the facile precipitation-polymerization method. The prepared polymer is microsphere and the diameter is about 2 ÃŽ ¼m. The binding property experiments indicated the imprinted polymer can adsorb the pyrrole molecule selectively. Moreover, the adsorb effect of MIP is stronger than NIP. The selective adsorption experiments demonstrated the synthesized MIP microsphere has the obvious selective adsorption effect with pyrrole molecule when compared the similar structure pyridine. This work provided theoretical basis for the new direction of separation and purification in the field of tobacco with pyrrole and other heterocyclic compounds. 5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This work was supported by China Tobacco Hunan Industrial Co., Ltd, Technology research and development center project (2011-JC-0001) REFERENCES Kulshreshtha, N. P., Moldoveanu, S. C. (2003). Analysis of pyridines in mainstream cigarette smoke. Journal of Chromatography A, 985(1), 303-312. Leffingwell, J. C., Alford, E. D. (2005). Volatile constituents of perique tobacco. Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 4(2), 899-915. Duan, J., Huang, Y., Li, Z., Zheng, B., Li, Q., Xiong, Y., Min, S. (2012). Determination of 27 chemical constituents in Chinese southwest tobacco by FT-NIR spectroscopy. Industrial Crops and Products, 40, 21-26. YU, J. J., PANG, T. H., REN, X. H., LI, L., DAI, H. J., LI, A. J. (2006). Research on Relationship between Neutral Aroma Constituents and Smoking Quality in Flue-Cured Tobacco [J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural University, 4, 001. Mosbach, K. (1994). Molecular imprinting. Trends in biochemical sciences, 19(1), 9-14. Andersson, L. I. (2000). Molecular imprinting: developments and applications in the analytical chemistry field. Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and Applications, 745(1), 3-13. Bures, P., Huang, Y., Oral, E., Peppas, N. A. (2001). Surface modifications and molecular imprinting of polymers in medical and pharmaceutical applications. Journal of Controlled Release, 72(1), 25-33. Piletsky, S. A., Alcock, S., Turner, A. P. (2001). Molecular imprinting: at the edge of the third millennium. TRENDS in Biotechnology, 19(1), 9-12. Zhang, W., Chen, Z. (2013). Preparation of micropipette tip-based molecularly imprinted monolith for selective micro-solid phase extraction of berberine in plasma and urine samples. Talanta, 103, 103–109. Ebrahimzadeh, H., Dehghani, Z., Asgharinezhad, A. A., Shekari, N., Molaei, K. (2013). Determination of haloperidol in biological samples using molecular imprinted polymer nanoparticles followed by HPLC-DAD detection. International journal of pharmaceutics, 453(2), 601-609. Ulbricht, M. (2004). Membrane separations using molecularly imprinted polymers. Journal of chromatography B, 804(1), 113-125. Sergeyeva, T. A., Slinchenko, O. A., Gorbach, L. A., Matyushov, V. F., Brovko, O. O., Piletsky, S. A., Elska, G. V. (2010). Catalytic molecularly imprinted polymer membranes: Development of the biomimetic sensor for phenols detection. Analytica chimica acta, 659(1), 274-279. Colegate, S. M., Molyneux, R. J. (Eds.). (2007). Bioactive natural products: detection, isolation, and structural determination. CRC press. Mishra, B. B., Tiwari, V. K. (2011). Natural products: an evolving role in future drug discovery. European journal of medicinal chemistry, 46(10), 4769-4807. REN, Q., XING, H., BAO, Z., SU, B., YANG, Q., YANG, Y., ZHANG, Z. (2013). Recent Advances in Separation of Bioactive Natural Products. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 21(9), 937-952. Cheong, W. J., Yang, S. H., Ali, F. (2013). Molecular imprinted polymers for separation science: A review of reviews. Journal of separation science, 36(3), 609-628. Hu, Y., Pan, J., Zhang, K., Lian, H., Li, G. (2013). Novel applications of molecularly-imprinted polymers in sample preparation. TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 43, 37-52. Andersson, L. I. (2000). Molecular imprinting for drug bioanalysis: a review on the application of imprinted polymers to solid-phase extraction and binding assay. Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and Applications, 739(1), 163-173. 1 [1]E-mail:[emailprotected]; [emailprotected]; [emailprotected]

Impact of Fiscal Policy on the Pharmaceuticals Industry Essay --

Fiscal policy, Gross Domestic Product, Economics and Classical view of Economics and their overall impact on the likes of a company like Wyeth, a Pharmaceutical Company, and building upon such a correlation is what this article is all about. Fiscal Policy is the other half of the two-legged approach of the government to maintain stability within an economy while trying to maintain the sanctity of things and trying to achieve the targets outlined. The other part is the monetary policy. Fiscal policy is all about the earnings and expenditures of the government. The sources of revenue are the various forms of taxes whereas the expenses are the ones regarding the public utilities, defense etc. Gross Domestic Product is the total worth of all the goods and services produced within any given economy and the idea is to produce as much as possible. It beneficially impacted by the positive net exports and that has a good effect on the Exchequer of the country. GDP is in so many ways a true measure of the overall living standard of the economy. Mind you the GDP does not include the remittanc...

Shakespeare’s play Essay

Explore the dramatic techniques used by Henry V to inspire his men before the battle of Agincourt. William Shakespeare’s play â€Å"Henry V† is set in 1415, when Henry becomes King Henry V of England. As a young man Henry enjoyed drinking and the company of women. When he became King Henry changed, he wanted to be taken seriously and to be treated like an adult, so he gave up drinking. Henry was angry and insulted by a birthday present of a box of tennis balls from the King of France, Henry thought the King of France was suggesting that he was still a boy and not a man capable of ruling England. To prove he was a man Henry ordered the invasion of France. Henry’s first battle was the Siege of Horfieur Henry V where he inspired his troops with a speech before leading them into battle. Henry said they had to behave like tigers and show no fear only strength. The next battle was the Battle of Agincourt, Henry’s troops were exhausted after their last battle and were out numbered five to one. But Henry tries to inspire them again for the last time he starts off talking dramatically about death, â€Å"if we are marked to die, we are enough to do our country loss. † I think he is saying that if the English are meant to lose the battle then it is better that they die, than thousands more if they wait for help. Then he goes on to say, â€Å"if to live, the fewer men, the greater the share of honour† if they fight there is a chance that only a few will survive and these few men will have gained honour. After this he stops talking about death and attempts to be more positive and tries to get his troops off the subject of death and to think about the honour that will achieve. Henry attempts to make them closer and tries to unite them as a family, by saying, â€Å"I who doth feed upon my cost† and â€Å"It yearns me not if mean my garments wear† which means that he does not mind paying for them all to eat and he also is not bothered if they wear his clothes. Henry also made it clear that any one who did not want to fight that was free to leave, when he said, â€Å"That he which hath no stomach to this fight let him depart. His passport shall be made and crowns for the convoy put into his purse†. I think that by saying this Henry means that any one of his troops is free to go, he will even give them money to get home, but if any choose this option then they would be giving up their chance for honour. And people would remember them as men who were not manly enough to go into battle. Henry continues his speech by reminding his troops that, â€Å"This day is called the Feast of Crispian†, this is a Saint’s day that the English would have celebrated with a feast. Henry says that â€Å"He that outlives this day and comes safe home. Will stand a-tiptoe when this day is named, And rouse him at the name of Crispian† he is telling his troops that when the celebrate the Feast of Crispian they will always remember the battle and remind themselves by showing their old scars to neighbours and friends because men that were not in the battle would not remember it but those that took part would always remember it, â€Å"Then will he strip his sleeve and show his cars, And say â€Å"These wounds I had on Crispin’s day†. Old men forget, yet all shall be forgot. But he’ll remember, with advantages†. Henry mentions some of his troops by name â€Å"Harry the king, Bedford and Exeter, Warwick and Talbot, Salisbury and Gloucester†, then offers a toast to them, â€Å"Be in their flowing cups freshly remembered†. By using their names I feel Henry makes it seem like the speech is directed to the troops individually and personally this makes them feel special and inspired them to fight harder for Henry. Again Henry uses this technique to make his troops feel that they are part of his family that he is one of them by saying, â€Å"But we in it shall be remembered. We few, we happy few, we band of brothers†. Henry goes on to say, â€Å"For he today that shed his blood with me. Shall be my brother; be he ne’er so vile†, by saying this Henry was ensuring that any of his troops who were injured in the battle would be inspired to keep fighting because Henry would regard them as his brother. Henry ends his speech by saying, â€Å"And gentlemen in England, now abed, shall think themselves accursed they were not here, And hold their manhoods cheap whiles any speaks†, by say this he is inspiring his troops that they are more manly and should feel honoured to be fighting today as any man in England that had missed the battle and stayed at home would feel ashamed when they heard of the great victory and therefore feel less manly. The battle of Agincourt was a great victory for the Henry’s tired English troops, they overcame great odds to win. I feel that Henry used this dramatic speech in the play to motivate and inspire the English troops on to victory against the French by lifting their spirits, promising them great honour, also by making them feel part of his family, almost like brothers fighting side by side and by promising them a battle they would never forget.

Life Changing Moment Essay

Each and everyone of us has a story to tell and share to others, life stories that may serve as an inspiration to other people. Every individual may have a life experience or a moment in his or her life that somehow greatly affects his or her whole life. We often share our own triumphs and travails, our victories and defeats, our happiness and despair that bring alterations to the present life situations. My story began as an ordinary boy in the state of Ferndale, Michigan. I am the youngest of five siblings, a son of Sazelia and Marvin Johnson. My mother was a university woman who tries to acquire a bachelor’s degree in Business at the University of Michigan. My father was a Mechanical Engineer who is deeply fascinated with cars. My parents are intellectual and social creatures who passed down the essential values of hard work, education and religion to their children. They make sure that we are not deprived of the essential things that we need in our education. They also impart important attitudes and ethical standards needed in conforming well to our social environment. My siblings and I grew up in happy and complete family that upholds education as the main key to success. However, I was different from my siblings for they all went to college, specifically to University of Michigan, after graduating in high school. All of them went to the university, except for our oldest brother, the gifted one on all of us, who went straight to Naval Academy. The life changing moment in my life, happen when I decided that I want to join the military. I really want to be a part of the military reserves so I join the U. S. Navy, wherein I scored high on the entrance examination and I was offered to undergo the U. S. Navy Nuclear Engineering Program. The crucial eight months followed after I joined the program. I learned as much as I can about Chemistry, Math, Electronics, Physics, Reactor Science and other related field in nuclear engineering. I can compare this experience with the experience told in Stephen Crane’s, An Episode of War. Just like the lieutenant who is wounded in war, my own training in the program and in the camp gave me confidence and dignity. It revealed the essence of my existence and all of my mundane desires. It explicates the purpose of my being and my involvement and role in preserving the sovereignty of my own country (Crane 8). Luckily, I was not involved in any war conflicts or that will make my story more exciting. However, I was in preparation aspect of our defense system. However, I sympathize to those who are sent to foreign places to battle with brothers that were considered foes and rogues by the government. I know how hard it can be. Many of us hope that it finally ends. Just like on the poem of Czeslaw Milosz, hoping that the traumas, war and other forms of conflict and misunderstanding will finally meet its conclusion. Our history is characterized and embedded with tragic events and disputes that took many lives (Milosz 256). Read more:Â  Happiest Moments Essay Leo Tolstoy’s War and Peace, vividly depicted the events in a war. How fertile lands became battlegrounds of two powerful forces. How innocent lives are drastically involved in the conflict. How children were separated to their parents and how the once happy and fruitful nation transformed into a futile land. After completing the learning prescribed by the program, I was assigned to a nuclear submarine, USS Kentucky SSBN 737. The submarine is an enormous structure that is similar to an underwater city. My training acquired from the program seems like an incomplete preparation to the task that I was assigned to. I was a nuclear plant operator that had a tremendous amount of responsibility. I have to make sure that the nuclear reactor was always safe and in good condition and running smoothly. My task is very crucial for it affects the safety of my comrades. Through the years that I have worked for the U. S. Navy, I got US$50,000 or so worth of proper science training and education in nuclear science and technology. It is more than anyone can ask for. It is such a blessing to anyone to be able to study free. Also, I have acquired credentials to work in most nuclear power plants in the nation. It is one of the prestigious works in the country to be able to work in a high-end facility like a nuclear power plant, wherein knowledgeable individuals are only capable of handling the specific task of maintaining the safety of the nuclear reactor. The education, training and working experience is a something big for me, an ordinary boy who only dream of being a G. I. Joe, inspired by my toy soldiers and toy guns. My experiences during my service to the military were really fruitful and fulfilling. I enjoyed most of my time under the submarine doing my task. It greatly alters and influences my present personality. I have traveled in many places and met many people all over the United States that contribute on my life’s journey. I significantly learned how to start and finish something. My service in the Navy ends, but I am more than ready to start a new journey in this life of mine. I try to acquire a bachelor’s degree in Architecture, one of the things that I wanted to accomplish. From Southwestern College, I transferred to USC this fall to complete my degree. The chapter of my life in the Navy, I will be able to look back and be proud to say that I was part of something special and noble.

Free Essays on Rock Music Over 20th Century

Rock is a topic not often touched on because of its complexity and its evasion by conservative adults. Often viewed by them as â€Å"a bunch of noise†, Rock music is very complex. In fact â€Å"It's stylistic scope is too broad to be encompassed by any single definition† (Groliers Encyclopaedia). The nearest definition suggests a kind of music that represents and speaks for the teenage society. This music is characterised by using a heavy beat. In this musicology, I intend to describe the technical aspects that make Rock Music what it is. I'm also going to divide Rock music into four sections: Rock of the 50's, of the 60's, of the 70's and of the 80's. Within these sections I'm going to discuss several sub-topics such as famous composers and groups, and characteristics of the music. Rock music shares many technical aspects. Most rock music is based on the same harmonies as Western music, especially the tonic, subdominant, and dominant chords. The series of chords known as the 12-bar blues is based on these three chords and has figured prominently in certain styles, especially Rock & Roll, Soul Music, and Southern Rock. Other common harmonic devices include the use of a drone, and the parallel movement of chords, originating from a technique on the electric guitar known as bar-chording. Many elements of African American music have been a continuing source of influence on rock music. These characteristics include riffs, emphasising the second and fourth beats of each measure, and dense buzzy-sounding tone colours. The 1950’s marked the birth of Rock n’ roll. Alan Freed was the first disc jockey and concert producer of rock and roll. Freed was the man responsible for with coming up with the name of Rock & Roll in 1951. This opened the door to white acceptance of black music, replacing white cover versions of songs written by Blacks in favour of the R&B originals. It was ironic that the term Freed was using to make rhythm and bl... Free Essays on Rock Music Over 20th Century Free Essays on Rock Music Over 20th Century Rock is a topic not often touched on because of its complexity and its evasion by conservative adults. Often viewed by them as â€Å"a bunch of noise†, Rock music is very complex. In fact â€Å"It's stylistic scope is too broad to be encompassed by any single definition† (Groliers Encyclopaedia). The nearest definition suggests a kind of music that represents and speaks for the teenage society. This music is characterised by using a heavy beat. In this musicology, I intend to describe the technical aspects that make Rock Music what it is. I'm also going to divide Rock music into four sections: Rock of the 50's, of the 60's, of the 70's and of the 80's. Within these sections I'm going to discuss several sub-topics such as famous composers and groups, and characteristics of the music. Rock music shares many technical aspects. Most rock music is based on the same harmonies as Western music, especially the tonic, subdominant, and dominant chords. The series of chords known as the 12-bar blues is based on these three chords and has figured prominently in certain styles, especially Rock & Roll, Soul Music, and Southern Rock. Other common harmonic devices include the use of a drone, and the parallel movement of chords, originating from a technique on the electric guitar known as bar-chording. Many elements of African American music have been a continuing source of influence on rock music. These characteristics include riffs, emphasising the second and fourth beats of each measure, and dense buzzy-sounding tone colours. The 1950’s marked the birth of Rock n’ roll. Alan Freed was the first disc jockey and concert producer of rock and roll. Freed was the man responsible for with coming up with the name of Rock & Roll in 1951. This opened the door to white acceptance of black music, replacing white cover versions of songs written by Blacks in favour of the R&B originals. It was ironic that the term Freed was using to make rhythm and bl...

Republic Polytechnic Case Study Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Republic Polytechnic Case Study - Assignment Example Implementation of an ERP in any organization involves a life cycle from the decision to adopt it to successful roll out, with discernible implementation phases as characterized by the key stakeholders, typical activities, associated challenges and outcomes. Four broad phases can be discerned based on this framework. They are planning, configuration, testing and actual implementation (Kumar, Maheshwari and Kumar 2003, pp. 795). Other authors present the phases as involving planning, implementation, stabilization and improvement (Markus and Tanis 2000, pp.173-207: Shanks et al. 2000, pp. 2). In the case of Republic Polytechnic’s ERP, the latter framework is seen in action thus forming this paper’s line of discussion.The first stage that was undertaken in RP’s implementation of the ERP is planning. RP needed an Enterprise System that was able to support two considerations. These include their problem-based learning pedagogy and their commitment to an IT strategy tha t would render the campus paperless for faster, efficient and cost-effective processes. RP set out on an outsourcing path for the vendor of an enterprise-wide e-learning management system that would provide a package which could suit RP’s mission and strategic direction. All relevant stakeholders were involved in finding such a vendor, flexible enough to allow for the heavy customization that was necessary for RP’s strategy, to be rolled out dubbed LEO (Learning Environment Online). This step involved two representatives from RP.... o allow for the heavy customization that was necessary for RP’s strategy, finally leading to settling on Wizlearn Pte Limited and their Academic Version 7 package. Post-purchase tailoring was the next step aimed at customizing the vendor’s product to RP’s needs in the system to be rolled out dubbed LEO (Learning Environment Online). This step involved two representatives from RP. These are OAA (Officer of Academic Affairs) and OIS (Officer of Information Systems) and an external IS team from the vendor all of whom liaised together and held discussions that finally resulted in a heavily customized product plan ready to be rolled out. The next phase after the planning part was actual implementation of the settled upon system, done a few weeks before the opening of the school term. The system that was rolled out provided an optimum system for RP and her staff although it was not exactly like they had envisioned as it had not accommodated all their views. Stabilizati on was the next phase for the system. Although the roll out had determined that there would be no need for training of RP staff, it was still necessary to provide basic training on the core features of the LEO. In a similar fashion, the students were trained on a basic general IT course and then given a few lessons on the core features of the LEO by the facilitators. The last phase of RP’s implementation of their ERP was improvement. This involved addition of the features that had been suggested in the planning stage but had been left out in implementation. More improvements on the ERP were based on suggestions from three sources; the top management, the facilitators and the development team itself, with additional suggestions being drawn from the students. The LEO manager determined which improvements

Leadership theories in a changing context Essay - 1

Leadership theories in a changing context - Essay Example Dorfman’s statement, ‘If we think of leadership research as flowing as a stream, it flows in a meandering, intertwining and constantly shifting manner’, creates the perfect example of how leadership works and in particular the hybrid nature of leadership styles which borrow from each other. I am a finance manager for a veterinary university in which I have to supervise and delegate to three or four staff. I also work with other veterinarians and hospital staff at another three animal hospital sites. Dealing with this large and diverse of a workforce in the healthcare system, it was imperative that I already have developed and used my existing leadership skills. â€Å"Leadership cannot exist without followership† (Conger 1990). This helps highlight the relationship that is shared between both leader and follower. We work together as a collective and without the followers; there is no need to lead. It is also important to distinguish between the two different types of leaders: the maximum man and the minimum man. The maximum man is the charismatic leader who inspires change and the minimum man is a manager interested in maintaining the status quo (Conger & Kanungo 1998). There are two leadership styles in particular that I utilize on a daily basis: transformationa l leadership and transactional leadership. Transformational leadership is a leadership style in which the leader works on transforming the individual by helping develop them. According to Sendjaya and Sarros (2002), transformational leadership can be described that, â€Å"it raises the level of human conduct and ethical aspiration of both leader and led†. This means that transformational leadership transcends to effect both the leader and the follower. It transcends the work environment to influence moral and personality development. In particular this comes into play when I teach a new topic or skill to those following me. It requires both patience as well as effective communication skills.